54 DESCRIPTIONS OF ETHEOSTOMOIDS. 



tinged witli light orauge. Dorsal trausluceut, the rays speckled. 

 Spinous dorsal with a narrow red margin, terminating posteriorly in a 

 bright orange-red spot, in advance of which is a large black blotch. A 

 black humeral spot. Two jet-black spots at base of caudal, more or less 

 confluent into one. In all other respects this agrees with the descrip- 

 tion of typical niangucc. 



Twelve specimens, the largest 2f inches long, were taken by the 

 writer in Sturgeon Creek, a tributary of the Kentucky River, near Trav- 

 eler's Rest, Owsley County, Kentucky. 



8. Etheostoma zonale Cope. 



? E, hjneeum Hay, substitute for Xanostoma elegans Hay, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 1880, 493. 



This species has been taken in abundance in immediate tributaries 

 of the Ohio River in Southern Ohio and Indiana, in both lowland and 

 mountain streams of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama, and in various 

 streams of Arkansas and Texas. In Alabama it occurs both north and 

 south of the watershed separating the Tennessee and Black Warrior 

 Rivers, and will probably be found in all the streams of Northern and 

 Central Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia which flow to the Gulf of 

 Mexico. It has not yet been recorded from streams of the Atlantic 

 slope. 



Specimens from the same locality vary greatly in coloration and in 

 fin and scale formulse. It is probable that no tangible varieties can be 

 distinguished in any portion of its known range. The dorsal varies 

 from X-11 to XII-13, the anal is II, 7 or II, 8, and the lateral line ranges 

 from 41 to 53. The green on sides varies from short blotches to wide 

 bars entirely encircling belly and extended on dorsal region. The red 

 on dorsals is usually confined to a series of spots, one at base of mem- 

 brane between each two spines, but is occasionally developed as a basal 

 band along both spinous and soft portions of fin. 



The type specimen of .EJ. lynceum, kindly sent me by Professor Hay, 

 is a brightly-marked adult male, showing black spots at bases of dorsal 

 scales, and having the snout somewhat blunter than usual, but agree- 

 ing in all other respects with zonale. The green bands on sides are not 

 mentioned in the original description, but traces of them can still be 

 seen. 



Specimens from Arkansas and the Southwest have been designated 

 a subspecies [Etheostoma zonale arcansamtm Jordan, Cat. Fish. X. A. 

 1885, 80 ; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, pp. 5, 13) be- 

 cause their breasts were nearly or quite naked. Characters based on 

 squamation of head and breast are valueless here for even subspecific 

 distinction, as will be seen by the following results of an examination 

 of material from various i)arts of the country. 



In specimens from Cypress Creek Florence, Ala., the following stages 

 in the squamation of the breast were found in different individuals : 

 (1) Breast entirely naked, no scale present anterior to bases of ventral 



