1887.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 283 



*' somewhat elongated " ; " iiides yellovrit>li-browu"' ; aud "the external 

 <iuills and shafts of most of the rectiices black." "The plumes ad- 

 vance on the forehead to about .3 in. [7.6'""'] bejond exterior plane of 

 •eye towards the commissure only slightly in advance of the eye; they 

 then recede inwards and downwards .5 [12.7"""], and forming inwardlj- 

 an angle of about 80^, advance on to the gular i)Ouch about .8 [20.3"'"^], 

 terminating in an angle of 45°;" " bare face-skin dull purplish-brown." 



ISTo. 2, $ , same locality, March 7, is very similar to Xo. 3, with the 

 "naked face-skin purplish-black," and apparently of corresponding 

 age. The outline of the facial feathering is also very similar, viz: "the 

 plumes advance on the forehead about .1 in. [2.5'"'"] beyond the eye; 

 towards the commissure they fall short of the exterior plane of the eye, 

 and recede only .2 [5"^'"] ; then advance .8 [20.3'""'] on to the center of 

 the pouch, aud terminate in an imperfect angle.* 



Leaving the immature birds (Nos. 2 aud 3) out of consideration for 

 the present, it is evident that the adult (No. 4) represents a very dis- 

 tinct species, differing equally well from P. major and P. regia. Both of 

 the latter have the throat more or less bare, while the Formosan bird 

 lias the whole throat feathered in advance of the lateral featheriug of 

 the lower mandible. From the former it differs furthermore by having 

 the bare face-skin blackish, while from the latter it is distinguished by 

 the feathering of the forehead reaching as far forward as the eye. The 

 differences of the full-grown birds of the three species may be tabulated 

 in the following manner (applying the name P. minor for the Formosan 

 birds) : 



i P. major. Face-skin light (flesh color to yellowish). 

 Throat naked ) 



( P. regia. ^ 



> Face-skin blackish. 

 Throat feathered P. minor. ) 



A comparison of Mr. Jouy's Korean specimen and of Petersen's 

 ^Nagasaki skin with Swinhoe's descriptions of his ISTos. 2 and 3 estab- 



* No. 1 is here left out of consideration, for it is plain from the description that it 

 "belongs to a different sitecies, it being in fact an immature P. major, corresponding 

 exactly -with the two birds before me from the Main Island of Japan. A few quota- 

 tions from Swinhoe's description is sufficient to prove this assertion : ( 9 , March 7, 

 Tamsuy Harbor) " bare face-skin flesh-colored, more or less tinged with yellow"! 

 ^'plumage white, except part of some outer quills, the shafts of the quills, and a few 

 other wing-feathers, which are faded blackish-brown"; "the frontal plumes ad- 

 vance .4 in. [10'"'"] before the exterior plane of eye. The plumed skin advances 

 below the eye .6 in. [15.2"""] beyond its exterior plane on to the lower mandible, 

 ending obtusely beyond the plane of the commissure ; then receding downwards and 

 inwards 1.5 [38"""], exposes the gular pouch without readvauciug." That this speci- 

 men is said to have been ''paired" with No. 2 is of no importance, for Swinhoe did 

 not shoot the birds himself, but got them from a friend of his, and the dissection re- 

 vealed that the sexual organs were quite undeveloped : " ovary minute," aud " testes 

 .-small." The statement evidently only means that the birds kept company. A fur- 

 ther proof of the distinctness is the fact that No. 1, the female, is considerably larger 

 than the male (ii), while in the other couple (3 and 4) the male is the larger. 



