412 



BIRDS OF THE LIU KIU ISLANDS. 



Measurements of Parus xipalknsis. 



Corvus nlacrorhynchus levaillantii (Lesson). 



It appears that it is the small-billed form, the " Black Hill Crow " of 

 the Indian ornithologists, which on tbe Liu Kin Islands represents the 

 heavy-billed Corvus japonensis, or C. macrorhynchmjaponensis as its name 

 ought to stand. The only difference between the two forms seems to 

 be the size of the bill, for their coloration is absolutely identical as far 

 as I can see. It may be, however, that G. levaillantii* will average 

 slightly smaller throughout. 



Mr. Seebohm, acting on Fryer's notes that the Liu Kiu Islands Crow 

 resembles the Carrion Crow, but has a much larger beak than ordinary 

 and shorter primaries, suggests, with some doubt, its identity with C. 

 japonensis (Ebis, 18S7, p. 176). Mr. Namiye, on the other hand, referred 

 it to the Carrion Crow, labeling the specimen which he had the kindness 

 to send me for examination '■'■Corvus corone?.'''' With the latter the pre- 

 sent form should not be confounded, however. C. corone, or C. corone 

 orientalist as the Eastern subspecies should be called, may be easily dis- 

 tinguished from C. levaillantii (and C. japonensis) by the outlines of the 

 individual feathers on top of the head being distinguishable at a glance, 

 and by having the jugular feathers lanceolate and strongly individual- 

 ized, while in C. leraillantii their outlines are completely blended, the 

 whole surface of the parts in question being uniformly smooth. 



* 1831.— Corj; its levaillantii Lesson, Tr. d'Orn.,p. 328 (nee C. corone levaillantii Stejxe- 

 GER, Orn. ExpL Kamt8ch.,p. 239, qui C.c. oricntalis (Evers.m.) ). 



lSo8.— Corvus sinensis MooRE, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co., ii, p. 550.— Dres.ser, B. of Eur., 

 IV, p. 532 (1875). 



ISM.— Corvus colonorum Swinhoe, Ibis, 1864, p. 427. 



186(3. — Corvus andamanensis Tytler, Ibis, 1866, p. 420. 



1876. — Corvus orientalis Taczanowsici, Jourii. f. Orn., 1876, p. 198 {nee Eversm.). 



1877. — Corone macrorhyncha a levaillanii Siiarpe, Cat. B. Br. Mns., iii, pp. ix -}- 39. 



1879. — Corvus intermedius Scully, Stray Feath., viii, p. 325 {nee Adams, 1859 ?). 



1885. — ^Corvus corone, orientalis Taczanowski, Bull. Hoc. Zool. Frauce, 18-55, p. 472 

 (nee EVERSM. ?). 



18S7.— Corvus ja2)onensis ? Seeboiim, Ibis, 1887, p. 176. 

 ] Corvus orientalis EvKRSMA^N, Add. Pall. Zoogr., ii (j). 7) (1841).— Taczanowski, 



Jonru. f. Orn., 1874, p. 329. — Corvus corone lemillantii Stejxeger, Orn. Expl. Kaiutscli., 



p. 239(7jeo Lesson) (1885).— Coh-h-s corone orientalis Ste.jneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 



X, 1887, p. 321, which see ! 



