42-J 



REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS. 



slate variously glossed with metallic reflections ; eatire head and throat 

 of a dull ciunaoiouchocolate glossed with lilac on crowu and occiput • 

 fore-neck and sides of neck in "■ positions A and B'' glossed with rose- 

 purple, green in "position C"; hind neck bronzy ; feathers at base of 

 hind neck and adjoining portion of back strongly glossed with green 

 more or less mixed with rose-purple, and gradually merging through 

 bluish into the beautiful "auricula purple" which glosses the back, 

 scapulars, and rump, becoming more violet on the latter ; smaller upper 

 wing-coverts and upper tail-coverts slightly glossed with purplish; in 

 "position C" the green of the upper parts retains its color, only the 

 more bluish portion of it turning pur^^le, but the "auricula purple" 

 changes to bronze-green ; breast strongly glossed witii green more or 

 less mixed with rose-purple; abdomen and flanks but sparingly glossed 

 with violet; in " i)Osition C" the green of the under parts changes to 

 violet, and the violet to green ; wings and tail brownish slate. 



Kittlitz's figure (Kupfertaf., pi. v, fig. 1) shows the head somewhat 

 too light, and the metallic reflections are those of "position C"; the 

 back ought to be violet and the breast green. The soft parts are rep- 

 resented as follows: Iris, brown ; basal soft portion of bill heliotrope- 

 purple, the horny tip yellow ; feet heliotrope-purple. Lores and eye. 

 ring naked, not feathered as in the figure. 



Measurcmen is. 



* Type. 



Wing-formtda. 



3, 2, 4, 1, 5 



Fifth primary 25'"'" shorter than third ; first IG'""^ shorter than third ; 

 fourth 10"^"" shorter than third ; second o'""^ shorter than third, which 

 is longest. 



COLUMBA(LiNN.). 



ll^ti.—Colnmha Lixx., S. X., 10 ed., i, p. 1G2 (type C. oenas LiNX.). 

 18ii2.—Lithoenas Rp:ichexbacii, Nat. Syst. Vog., p. xxv (type C. Ui-ia Briss.). 

 1852. — TwHioenas REicuEXBAcri, Nat. Syst. Vtig., p. xxv (type C. albitorqites livpp.). 

 1854. — Pahimboena Bonaparte, Consp. Av., ii, p. 40 (type C. oenas Lixx.). 

 ISiL—EupicoU BOGDAXOW, Tr. Sib. Obtsch. Jestestv.. xii (p. 98), (type C. lima 



Biass.) (7!ec Briss., 1700). 

 \m\.—Sijh:icoU BoGDAXOW, Tr. Sib. Obtsch. Jestestv., xii, p. — (type C. oenas 



Lixx. {riec Swaixs), 1827). 

 The zVsiatic ColumUdte have been sadly neglected by modern orni- 

 thologists, and there is, consequently, great confusion in regard to the 

 nearly related species, their distinctive characters, and their geographi- 



