294 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS. 



uape black ; the feathers of the occiput leugthened into a lull crest'^ 

 (Stray Featli., YII, 1878, p. olio). 



It appears from the descriptious of the two species that the yoimg 

 birds of the year differ no less than the adults. The young G. melano- 

 lophu.s i)roper is said to have the crown and crest black, "each plume 

 having a bold subtermiual white irregular mark,"* while those of the 

 young G. goisagi are described as being brownish, with dusky vermicu- 

 lations like the wing-coverts, and destitute of white spots. 



Lord Walden also remarks that "the bill in all the Malaccan ex- 

 amples 1 have examined is longer and straighter than in that of the 

 is^agasaki individual above referred to," and Mr. R. G. Wardlaw Kamsay 

 partially contirms this distinction (Ibis, 188-4, p. 335). 



That the true G. goisagi has been obtained in the Philipi)ine Islands,^ 

 iu which the black-crested form {G. melanolophus, or G. kutteri, as the 

 Philippine bird has been named by Cabanis), proves nothing against 

 the supposed distinctness of the two species, as Japanese birds may 

 well be supposed to migrate so far south. The question which rises, 

 and which will have to be solved by the ornithologists in Japan, is simply 

 this: Does G. goisagi, at any season or at any age, assume a black crest, 

 and have the young Japanese birds white subterminal marks on the 

 crest feathers ? 



In answering this question it should not be forgotten that the black- 

 created species is found in Formosa,! and that, consequently, it may 

 turn up on some of ihe small islands belonging to the Japanese Empire 

 and situated near Formosa. 



The dimensions of the only specimen in our museum (additional ma- 

 terial is very desirable) are as follows : 9 ad. ( U. S. Nat Mus. No. 91599, 

 Yol-ohama, April 11, 1883, coll. L. P. Jomj). " Total length, 485'"'"" ( Jouy). 

 Wing, 200""' ; tail-feathers, 11G"»" ; exposed culmen, 30'""^ ; tarsus, Ol"^'" ; 

 middle toe with claw, 49'"'". 



Mr. Jouy's notes in regard to the soft parts of the fresh bird are to 

 the following eftect : " Iris chrome ; bill dusky greenish ; feet and legs 

 light brownish yellow." 



^ Mr. A. O. Hume (Str. Feath., II, 1874, pp. 313 aud 314) describes the head of an 

 adult <? and au immature 9 of G. mehinolophus collected in the Nicobars about the 

 middle of March, as follows- 



^ ad. "Forehead, crown, occiput, and nape, and the elongated pointed occipital 

 crest, which is fully three inches in length, a deep blackish brown exhibiting in some 

 lights a faint maroon tinge ; over the eyes there is an ill-defined chestnut baud. 



9 immat. " The whole of the top, sides, and back of the head and back of the neck 

 black ; each feather, including those of the crest, with a larger or smaller white sub- 

 terminal spot, which, especially on the longer crest and neck feathers, are more or 

 less curviforui ; besides these there is a tiny white dot at the tips of the most of the 

 feathers." 



t Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1884, p. 335; ibid., 1886, p. 161. 



t Swinhoe, Ibis, 1866, pp. 123, 403. The young specimen (" nearly full grown ") had 

 the " coronal and occipital feathers fine black, with white spots and streaks, those of 

 the front having brown edges." 



