306 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS. 



i-. Crest-feathers not streaked ■with blackish. 

 c'. Back dark colored, slate-black, or bay. 

 (IK Back bay colored, slightly suffused with cinereous . ..2. A. 'jrai/H (Sykes).* 

 d'. Back slate-black, or "purplish black with a hoary shade." 



e'. Neck " pale ferruginous butt'," crest " white" .. .3. A. speciosa (HoRSK.).t 



e-. Neck chestnut, crest deep bay 4. A. leucoptera (Bodd.). 



C-. Back pure white, or slightly suffused with yellowish. 5. A. xanthopoda {'P'Ei.z.).X 

 a-. Abdomen and ujiper wing-coverts " rufous bay " 6. A. ruficentris (SvyDEV.).^ 



For reasons, to be given further on, we refer Boddaert's A. leucoptera to 

 the bird with chestnut head and neck, which afterwards was described 

 by Swinhoe as .1. prasinosceles. We are unable to place the bird which 

 Dr. A. Eeichenow, in his monograph of the order (Journ. f. Orn., 1877, 

 p. 257), describes under A. leucojytera. Its habitat is given as the " Indo- 

 Malayan Subregion (Malacca, Sumatra)," and it is characterized as 

 " alba, capite, coUoque totis caudidis ; dorsi plumis longis laxis nigro- 

 schistaceis."|| It is not probable that Malacca is inhabited by two 

 species of this genus, both with slate-colored backs and one with chest- 

 nut head and neck, the other with these parts entirely white, and as 

 Hume (who does not seem to know any bird of the latter description) 

 obtained the former from there, we are considerably puzzled in regard 

 to Dr. Eeichenow's bird. 



I7i<2 — Ardea audax Lapeirouse, Sv. Vet. Acad. Nya Handl., Ill, 1782, p. 

 112. 



1783. — Ardea f/risea BoDDAERT, Tabl. PI. Eul., p. 19 (wecLixx.). 



17p8. — Ardea squaiotta Gmelin, S. N., I, p. 634. 



1788.— Ardea erythropus Gmelix, S. N., I, p. G34. 



1788. — Ardea senegaJensis Gmelix, S. N., I, p. 645. 



1792. — ' Ardea (jriseo-alha Bosc, Act. Soc. d'Hist. Nat., Paris, I, i, p. — . 



1798. — Ardea botaiiruliis Sciikaxck, Fauna Boica, I (p. 221). 

 Hab. — Mediterniueau Subregion ; Africa. 

 *Syn. — ld32. — Ardea grayii Sykes, P. Z. S., 1832, p. 158. 



1832. — Ardea malaccensis Sykes, P. Z. S., 1832, p. 158 (wee G.mel.). 



1849, — Ardea Jeucopte^ra Blytii, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc, p. — {nee Bodd.). 



1853. — Ardea leucoptera grayi Sculegel, Mus. P.-Bas, Ardeje, p. 35. 

 Hab. — India ; Ceylon ; Burmah ; Tenasseriui. 

 t Syx. — 1823. — Ardea apeciosa Horsfield, Tr. Linn. Soc, XIII (p. 189). 



1663. — Ardea leucoptera speciosa Schlegel, Mus. P.-Bas, Ardete, j). 34. 

 Hab. — Java; Borneo; Sumbava ; Celebes. 

 t Syx. — 1858. — Ardea sp. Pelzelx, Nauinannia, 1858, p. 497. 



1860. — Ardea xayiihopoda Pelzelx, Jouru. f. Orn., 1860, p. 1G6. 



1860. — JrJea if?ae Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 1860, p. 167. 



1861. — Ardea elegans Yehreavx , in Hartlaub's Orn. Beitr. Fauna Madag., 

 p. 73. 



1866. — Ardea leucoptera Sciilegel, P. Z. S., 1866, p. 425 («ecBoDD.). 



1867. — Ardea leucoptera Wae Schlegel & Pollex, Rech. Faune Madag. (p. 

 125). 

 Hab. — Madagascar ; Eastern Africa. 



§ Syn. — 1850. — Ardea ruflventris Suxdevall, Oefv. Sn. Vet. Akad. Forhandl., 1850 (p. 

 110). 



1863. — t Ardea semirufa Schlegel, Mus. P.-Bas. Ardea?, p. 35. 

 Hab. — Southern Africa. 



II Cf. also Swinhoe, Ibis, 1863, p. 422 : "A. leucoptera has the blue back, but the head 

 and neck are pure white." 



