1887.] PROCEEDINGS OF lTNITi:i) STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 635 



Eio Grande; Ca'salpinia inilch(.'rrlm<( ,-a. bnsli with gorgeous orange flow- 

 ers, com m on in gardens, introdnced from Mexico; the Honey Locust 

 {GleditHchia triacayithos), mostly cultivated. 



" Largest and most conspicuous of trees along the river is the lordly 

 Pecan {Carya oliva'fojinis), attaining hero an enoraious size, and the 

 Cottonwood [Populus moniUfera). Less common are Black AValuut 

 {Jiiglans nigra), Bald Cypress {Taxodlum distichum), Black Willow {Sali.r 

 nigra), Green Ash {Fraxhms virldis, var., Berlandieriana). 



"Of the Urticacea'- there are several members: The Common Hack 

 berry (Celtis occidentalis), a rather handsome tree 1 to 2 feet in diameter, 

 affecting several forms ; the Thorny ETackberry or Granjeno of the Mex- 

 icans {Celtis pallida of Torrey), a stiff shrub bearing insipid yellow ber- 

 ries; the Eed Mulberry {Morus rubra), growing everywhere and yielding- 

 luscious fruit; the Wild Mulberry {Morus microphylla), along the river; 

 the Paper Mulberry {Broiissonctia papyrifera), common in yards; the 

 Water Elm ( TJlmus crassifoUa), a middle size tree along streams, and the 

 only Elm seen about San Antonio; the Osage Orange {Madura auran- 

 tiaca). 



"The Live Oak {Quercus virens), a large tree, forms the main feature 

 of the arboreal vegetation on the higher grounds of the valley. Another 

 Oak, smaller and less common, a form of Eed Oak is Quercus rubra, var. 

 Texana. Post Oak ( Quercus stellata) is also found on surrounding liills. 



" Of the Maple Family, the Box-Elder {Negundo aceroidcs), a small 

 tree near the water, is the only representative. To a closely allied order 

 belongs the Wild China-tree or Soapberry {Sapindus marginatus.) The 

 naturalized <3hina-tree {Melia azcdaracli), on account of its 'hardiness 

 and rapid growth, is a favorite shade tree. 



" Of the Kose Family, the only notable arborescent members are a spe- 

 cies of Hawthorn {Cratwgus subvillosa) and a Plum {Frunus Americana, 

 var. mollis). Of the Eutacefc, two shrubs are common : the Hop-tree 

 {Ptelea trifoliata) along the river, and the Prickly Ash {Xanthoxylum 

 Clava-Herciilis on hillsides. 



" Other shrubs deserving mention are: The Trefoil Barberry [Berberis 

 trifoliata), a low, evergreen bush with glaucous, spiny leaves, yellow 

 blossoms, and red, palatable berries; the well known Texas Persimmon 

 {Diospyros Texana); the thovny Buniclia lanuginosa ; a small Holly {Ilex 

 decidua); a Dogwood {Cornus Brummondii); the pretty Lippia lycioides 

 bearing many slender racemes of exquisitely fragrant white flowers; 

 Forestiera pubescens,Vitis bipinnata, and Sambucus Canadensis. 



"Of vines, we have the Poison Ivy {Rhus Toxicodendron) very common 

 and of luxuriant growth; the Texas Virgin's Bower {Clematis Brum- 

 mondii), a i)retty climber with long-feathered fruit; the Virginian Creeper 

 Ampelopsis quinquefolia) and several Grapes, viz.: Vifis candicans and 

 a?s^i?Yf7Js which yield a scant but good fruit; Vitis incisa '<\m\ indivisa, 

 neat, hardy climbers, but with useless berries." 



Dr. Havard also enumerates a great manv herbs as being found in 



