712 CATALOGUE OF GRAPHIC ART EXHIBIT. 



" Cromwell at the Coffiu of Charles I," after Delarocbe. Ko, 126, un- 

 kuoNvu, No. 125 is, perhaps, the most imi)ortaut plate executed \>j 

 this process. 



7. IMITATION OF CRAYON DRAWING. 



The purpose of this method of engraving is indicated by its name. 

 The tools used in it are manifold — roulettes or little toothed wheels, 

 points and gravers, both simple and multiple, punches with one or more 

 lioiuts — and all these are employed sometimes on the bare metal, some- 

 times on an etching ground for biting. 



Similar work was done as far back as the sixteenth century, but Gille 

 Demarteau (1729-177G) was the first to use it extensively and to develop 

 it, and he is, therefore, looked ujion as its inventor. 



Frame 27.— Xos. 127-129, Gille Demarteau. Xo. 130, Cornells Ploos 

 van Amstel (1726-1798). 



8. STIPPLE. 



Stipple or stippling is a refinement of the previous process, fitting 

 it for the reproduction of other works than crayon drawings. It is 

 executed principally with points and the point of the graver on the 

 bare plate, but biting is also resorted to, and it is often used in com- 

 bination with line work, especially at the present time. Its most 

 celebrated practitioner was F. Bartolozzi (1730-1813), an Italian en- 

 graver, who worked principally in England. 



Frame 28.— Xo. 131, F. Bartolozzi (1787). Xo. 132, Wynne Eyland 

 (1777). 



9. LITHOGRAPHY AND ZINCOGRAPHY. 



Lithography (from lithos, stone, and graphein, to write) and zincog- 

 raphy differ from all previously invented processes in this, that the 

 printing is done from a perfectly smooth surface, with neither raised 

 nor sunken lines, except in the case of etching or engraving upon stone, 

 •which varieties combine the advantages of lithography with those of the 

 older processes. 



The design to be multiplied is executed upon a certain kind of stone, 

 composed principally- of carbonate of lime, or upon zinc, with inks or 

 crayons containing fat in the shape of soaj). The drawing made, the 

 stone or plate is treated with a weak solution of acid, which fixes the 

 design, and is then gummed. A litliogra])hic stone or ,. zinc plate so 

 treated, when wet will accept the printing ink only upon the parts 

 drawn upon. In printing, therefore, the surface of the stone or plate 



