No. 2.] CAMPBELL — AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBES. 6T 



of Manasseh Ben Israel, Adair, Lord Kingsborough, and others, 

 to establish the descent of the Indians from the Lost Tribes of 

 Israel, who have lately found, on evidence as valuable, a nobler 

 family of descendants. Such was the Welsh theory, which led 

 Morgan Jones to find the descendants of Madoc's ill fated expe- 

 dition among the Tuscaroras, and Catlin to detect them in the 

 Mandans. Recently Mr, Lopez, in his Aryan Races of Peru, 

 and Mr. Ellis, in his Peruvia Scythica, have devoted much learning 

 and ingenuity to connect the civilization of the lucas with that 

 of the Indo-European stock. Some of the relations which have 

 been established between the American tribes and certain peoples 

 of Africa, high Asia and the Indo-Chinese area, have been arrived 

 at scientifically it is true, but one naturally asks for the missing 

 link by which the Guanches of the Canary Islands, for instance, 

 may be united with the Aymaras of Peru, or the inhabitants of 

 Pegu, with the Aztecs of Mexico. Such hypotheses, on the one 

 hand, and far fetched derivations, on the other, I seek to avoid 

 in endeavouring to account for some of the American tribes as 

 derived populations. 



It is a common error to regard the Indians as members of one 

 great division of the human family. Such a notion finds no sup- 

 port from a study of their languages, religions, customs, or physical 

 and moral characteristics. It is true that most of the American 

 languages are polysynthetic, not all however, but so varied is this 

 polysyntheti^ni that M. Lucien Adam, whose acquaintance with 

 the LTral- Altaic languages specially qualifies him to express an 

 opinion, finds it to consist essentially " in the afiixing of subordi- 

 nate personal pronouns to the noun, the post-position and the 

 verb, a process which equally characterizes the Semitic langua- 

 ges, the Basque, the Vogul, the Mordwin and even the Magyar," 

 To these he might have added many African, Polynesian, and 

 Northern Asiatic tonirues. As for that ag<>lutiaation in con nee- 

 tion with which polysynthesis takes place, it prevails more or less 

 among all the branches of Turanian speech, and also in the Tagala 

 and other Malay-Polynesian dialects. Very few American tribes 

 justify by their complexion the name of " red-man," while out- 

 side of America may be found red Fulahs, red Kariens, red 

 Koriaks, and many tribes of red Polynesians. In Canada the 

 best known native stocks are the Algonquin and the Wyandot- 

 Iroquois, The external resemblance between these two families 

 arises from similar conditions, necessitating similar appliances 



