No. 1.] DONALD — ELEPHANT REMAINS. 53 



NOTES ON ELEPHANT REMAINS FROM 

 WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 



By J. T. Donald, B.A. 



The molar now before us forms part of a collection of elephant 

 remains found at Hangman's Creek in the south-western part of 

 Washington Territory. The entire collection numbers over 300 

 pieces, supposed to represent at least six individuals. 



These remains were found in a bog, at a depth of twelve feet 

 below the surface. It is thought the same locality, on careful 

 search, would yield more bones. 



It is with a portion of this collection — found in a position to 

 indicate that it probably belonged to the same individual — we 

 are eoncerned. The principal bones of this portion are, a lower 

 jaw, a pelvis, the first lumbar vertebra, a left scapula, and a horn 

 or tusk. The lower jaw is nearly perfect, and contains the two 

 molars in a good state of preservation. Its length on the outer 

 curve is thirty-six inches ; shortest line from posterior summit of 

 condyle to mandibular extremity, twenty-two and one-half inches. 

 Distance between condyles, fourteen inches ; distance between 

 outer sides of condyles, twenty-two inches ; height of symphysial 

 gutter, four inches ; width of same, three inches. 



The pelvis weighed when exhumed one hundred and thirty-five 

 lbs. The following are some of its measurements : transverse 

 measurement of sacrum within the arch, ten and one-half inches ; 

 distance from symphysis pubis to summit of pubic arch, thirty 

 inches ; distance from sacrum to pubis, twenty inches ; direct 

 diameter of acetabulum, seven and one-half inches. The trans- 

 verse superior diameter of the lumbar vertebra with processes is 

 ten inches ; its vertical diameter, exclusive of spinous processes 

 is nine and one-half inches ; height of spinous process, six and 

 one-half inches ; greatest breadth of same, two and one-quarter 

 inches. 



The scapula weighed when taken from the earth forty pounds. 

 Its extreme length is forty and one-half inches ; its width twenty- 

 five and a-quarter inches. The extreme width to base of spine of 

 posterior spinous fossa, is nineteen and a-half inches. 



The horn or tusk weighed when exhumed one hundred and 

 forty-five lbs. Its length on outer curve is one hundred and 



