34 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [Vol. ix. 



1. The character of the rock-strintion and fluting on the south- 

 eastern peninsula of Vancouver Island shows that at one time a 

 great glacier swept over it from north to south. The glacier 

 must have filled the Strait of Georgia, with a breadth, in some 

 places, of over 50 miles, and a thickness of ice near Victoria of 

 considerably over 600 feet. Traces of the glacier are also found 

 on San Juan Island and the coast of the mainland. 



2. The deposits immediately overlying the glaciated rocks, 

 besides hard material locally developed, and probably represent- 

 ing moraine profonde, consist of sandy clays and sands, which 

 have been arranged in water, and in some places contain marine 

 shells. These, or at least their lower beds, were probably formed 

 at the foot of the glacier when retreating, the sea standing con- 

 siderably higher than at present. 



3. Observations in the northern part of the Strait of Georgia, 

 and the fjords opening into it — where the sources ot the great 

 glacier must have been — show ice-action to a height of over 3000 

 feet on the mountain-sides. The fjords north of the Strait of 

 Georgia show similar traces. Terraces along the coast of the 

 mainland are very seldom seen, and have never been observed 

 at great elevations. 



4. In the interior plateau of British Columbia, there is a 

 system of glaciation from north to south, of which traces have 

 been observed at several localities above 3000 feet. Subsequent 

 slaciation, radiant from the mountain-ranires, is also found. 



5. The superficial deposits of the interior may be classified 

 as unmodified and modified. The former, representing the 

 "boulder-clay, hold many water -rounded stones, with some glacier- 

 marked, and occurs at all heights up to over 5000 feet. The 

 latter characterize nearly all localities below 3000 feet, and are 

 most extensively developed in the northern low country, where 

 they appear as a tine white silt or loess. 



6. The interior is marked with shore-lines and terraces from 

 the present sea-level up to 5270 feet, at which height a well- 

 marked beach of rolled stones occurs on Il-ga-chuz Mountain. 



7. Moraines occur in great numbers. Some of the moraine- 

 like accumulations may have been formed in connexion with the 

 north-to-south glaciation. Most of those now seen, however, 

 mark stasres in the retreat of glaciers towards the various 

 mountain-ranges. The material of the moraines resembles that 

 of the boulder- clay, but wdth water-rounded stones even more 

 abundant. 



