No. 4.] CAMPBELL — AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBES. 203 



the agreement between the languages compared. This is espe- 

 cially the case with the Assiuiboiu and Kamtchatdale, which 

 have been found to agree so remarkably in the simple form of 

 the verb. Sufficient evidence, however, has been aflforded of the 

 Peninsular origin of the Dacotahs. 



The question naturally occurs, ''At what point did the Tura- 

 nian Americans first appear upon the continent ? " That point 

 can be no other than the termination of the Aleutan chain, which 

 extends from the coast of Kamtchatka to the peninsula of Alaska 

 or even to Cook's Inlet. There we find at least four difi'erent 

 Indian families. One of them is the Esquimaux or Innuit, whose 

 dialects do indeed contain many Peninsular (Tchuktchi, &c.) 

 words, but whose affinities are greater with the Greenlanders on 

 the one hand and the Asiatic Samoyeds on the other, the very 

 word Innuit being the Samoyed ennete, man. Next come the 

 Thlinkeets or Koljush, a people in some respects superior to the 

 Esquimaux, in whose language the termination in I and tl, so 

 characteristic of the Nahuatl or Mexican, first makes its appear- 

 ance. These I would incline to associate with the Yukahiri of 

 Siberia, and with the mask- using tribes of the Aleutan chain. 

 Following the Thlinkeets appears a vast family of tribes extend- 

 ing from the Yukon to Mexico and from Cook's Inlet to the 

 Algonquin Cree region about Hudson's Bay. These are the 

 Tiuneh Indians, whose name, denved from the word denoting 

 man, language, physical appearance, character, dress and appli- 

 ances, religion, manners and customs, connect them with the 

 Siberian Tungus. And, lastly, we find in the north-western 

 part of this same area a number of tribes known as American 

 Tchuktchis, Tchugaz, Aliaskas, &c., who have generally been 

 regarded as part of the Esquimaux stock, from which, however, 

 they are well differentiated. These American Tchuktchis or 

 Tchugaz possess a language identical with that of their Asiatic 

 namesakes and constitute one family with them, the connecting 

 links being found in the Aleutans proper, the Unalashkans and 

 and the Kadiak tribes. A sketch of Aleutan grammar furnished 

 by Governor Furnhelm, is contained in the first volume of Con- 

 tributions to American Ethnology, but as it is so vague as to 

 supply absolutely no information in regard to cardinal points of 

 syntax, the vocabulary must be our test of relationship between 

 the Aleutan and Peninsular languages. In numerals the Asiatic 

 Tchuktchis agree with the Kadiak and Tchugaz of America. 



