No. 4.] CAMPBELL — AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBES. 211 



In the vocabularies published in the Canadian Journal, to 

 which I have had so often to refer, will be found, together with 

 a fuller illustration of the agreements between the Peruvian 

 and Peninsular languages, others as complete with the Transi- 

 tional Aleutan, &c., the Dacotah, Iroquois, and Choctaw-Cher- 

 okee. They are all members of one family. Finally the Chileno 

 languages, embracing the Araucanian of Chili, the Puelche of 

 the Pampas, the Patagonian and Fuegian, have all their gram- 

 matical and verbal relations with the Peruvian, and thus connect 

 with the Peninsijlar stock of Asia. These dialects, like the 

 Peruvian, exhibit evidence of great antiquity, although mere 

 geographical position cannot determine that they are spoken by 

 earlier immigrants than the civilized Quichuas, across whose 

 lines they may possibly have passed on their way to a more 

 southern home. They also were worshippers of the sun, and 

 their gods Ngen, Eutagen, Pillau, and Toquichen, are the last 

 representatives of the Koriak Anggan, the Kamtchatdale Hutka 

 and Biilukai, and the Huron Atahocan, the latter appearing also 

 in Peru as the Quichua Atahuanca. Their Toquis or Governors 

 are the Tokoks or Chiefs of the Aleutans, terms recalling the 

 Tagus or chief magistrate of the ancient Thessalian States. The 

 Araucanians also are the Koriaks and Iroquois of South Amer- 

 ica, indomitable warriors, the memory of whose valour is em- 

 balmed in a Chilian epic poem, thus preserving the martial 

 character of one branch of the Peninsular family, as the Peru- 

 vians did the civilization of another. The Kamtchatdale and 

 the Fuegian may perhaps illustrate a third and degraded class of 

 tribal characteristics. But on the whole the family is a noble 

 one, worthy of a better fate than that which has overtaken all 

 its American representatives, if we except the Cherokee-Choctaw 

 confederacy, which has risen to higher things. 



It may be asked whether the Peruvian dialects, seeing that 

 their grammatical forms agree with those of the Ural-Altaic and 

 Dravidian languages, should not be connected with these rather 

 than with the Peninsular tongues. Now it i-s true that in the 

 Peruvian and Iroquois numerals there are Finnic and Turkic 

 forms, such as the Peruvian pisca and Iroquois wish^ wish, 5, 

 which are the Turkish hesTi and Yakut hes, as well as the Finnic 

 viisi, the Esthonian loiis, and Tcheremissian vis. The Aymara 

 ppekei head, also is the Turkish bash and Yakut has, and the 

 Finnic poja and Maggar/e/, while the Iroquois presents in the 

 two remarkable forms iokennores, rain amd kanadra, bread, the 



