212 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [Vol. ix. 



undoubted equivalents of the Turkish yaglimur and the Magyar 

 hunyer. But in spite of these resembhinces, which it cannot be 

 denied do attest connection if not relationship, a careful com- 

 parison of the Peruvian and Iroquois vocabularies with those of 

 the Ural-Altaic lano^uages has convinced me that the connection 

 is one whichfmust be established throuojh the Peninsular forms 

 of speech, with which the American languages have relations 

 vastly more intimate and numerous than with the Finnic or 

 Turkic classes. The Iroquois again is in no respects a Tartar, 

 nor is there any native Finnic or Turkish civilization witli which 

 that of the Peruvians may be compared. As for the Turanians 

 of southern Asia, even in the valuable comparative tables of 

 Hyde Clarke, but a distant resemblance to the Peruvian appears 

 in their vocabularies, and we possess not a shred of evidence to 

 show that they ever became a maritime people or occupied the 

 line of Malay immigration to the coasts of America. Dacotahs, 

 Iroquois, Choctaws, Muyscas, Peruvians, Chilenos, were not 

 maritime peoples but essentially landsmen, who, but for the 

 stepping stones of the Aleutan chain, never would have found 

 their way to this continent. 



All the American tribes of Turanian origin came originally, 

 therefore, from the north in successive waves, which gradually 

 overflowed the northern continent and poured their tide into the 

 south. They came in at least two different forms or types of 

 national character ; the civilized Japanese, represented by the 

 Muysca%s and Peruvians, and in a minor degree, if these were 

 not the Peruvians in progress southward, by the mound-builders, 

 the miners of Lake Superior, the potters and weavers of the Ohio 

 valley, by the Dacotah Mandans and the Natchez ; and the un- 

 civilized warriors of Koriak blood, from whom a succession of 

 Araucanians and Cherokee-Choctaws, Iroquois and Dacotahs, 

 have descended. And to tell the story of migration and make it 

 plain so that all the world may understand, and the baseless 

 fabric of an autochthon ic American race may melt before it, the 

 process still goes on across the bridge that spans the northern 

 ocean from Kamtchatka to Alaska, over which so many genera- 

 tions have passed to an American home. There Aleutans and 

 Unalashkans, Kaniagmutes and American Tchuktchis link the 

 populations of two continents, and, with the facts that prove the 

 advent of the intrusive 31alays, who, wedge-like, entering from the 

 west, split into many fragments the once solid Turanian phalanx, 

 answer the oft-repeated question-^Whence came American man T' 



