No. 3.] G. 31. DAWSON — INDIANS OF CANADA. 139 



pursued by misfortune. Many perished in attempting to cross 

 from their place of refuge on Tsle Joseph to the mainland, others 

 were cut oif by prowling Iroquois. The miserable remnant crept 

 through the wilderness of the upper Ottawa to Montreal, and 

 then to Quebec, where for years they inhabited the Isle of Or- 

 leans ; but still, from time to time harassed by their enemies, 

 moved into the city of Quebec itself, and on the conclusion of 

 peace, removed to Ste. Foye, and afterwards to Lorette. where 

 they now are, to the number of 295. A second small fraction of 

 the Hurons, centering for a time about Detroit, were accorded a 

 reserve at Anderdon in Ontario, but during the present century, 

 have declined from 200 to 76 in number. Still another colony 

 became possessed of lands in Ohio, ceded these lands to the 

 United States, in 1832, and were removed to Kansas, where, in 

 1855, many became citizens, and the land being divided among 

 these, the remainder were again removed to the Indian Territory, 

 where they now number 258 souls. Such has been the fate of 

 these cultivators of corn and tobacco, the natives, of all others of 

 the northern part of the Continent, most nearly attaining a civi- 

 lized state. 



The vicissitudes to which the Algonkins have been subjected 

 are not so great. Those who have come within the influence of 

 civilisation occupy a great number of small reserves and villages 

 Bcattered through Ontario and Quebec. The Abenakis, the con- 

 stant allies of the French, leaving the northern part of New 

 England, now reside at St. Francis and Becancour, and have de- 

 creased from 1000, the number remaining in 1760, to 335. 



If we had any satisfactory means of estimating the real amount 

 of Indian blood represented by the peoples classed as Indians, 

 we would find the recognized remnant of the native race a much 

 smaller fraction than it appears in the census. In many of the 

 bands scarcely a pure-blooded Indian can be found, and in all 

 great admixture has occurred. Of the Abenaquis Father Mar- 

 quette writes : " Our Indians are, with but very few exceptions, 

 m^tis,, or half-breeds. Here I do not know one Abenaquis of 

 pure blood : they are nearly all Canadian, German, English, or 

 Scotch half-breeds. The greater portion of them are as white 

 as Canadians, and the dark complexions we see with many are 

 owing in most cases to long voyages." The Hurons of Lorette 

 can scarcely be distinguished as Indians. They have almost en- 

 tirely exchanged their native tongue for the French patois, and 



