284 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [Vol. ix. 



worshippers of Achaicarus and Pkhah. While Abasech and 

 Pkhah are forms of Pasach and Basque, and Schapsuch or 

 Chapsouke of Khupuskai and Guipuzcoa, Iscouria and Achai- 

 carus help to explain the name Euskara. Yet, though many 

 Acead and Basque words are found in Circassian, the grammar 

 of that language is neither Acead nor Basque. While in some 

 respects resembling them, it is in all its main features the same 

 as the Japanese and that of the American languages which in my 

 second paper I connected with the Peninsular family. 



I have prefaced the inquiry into the question of a Khita or 

 Hittite migration to America with these detailed remarks be- 

 cause my views on the subject differ somewhat from those of the 

 learned author of the " Khita-Peruvian Epoch." Dr. Hyde 

 Clarke makes the terms Khita Peruvian and Sumero-Peruvian 

 interchangeable, and refers to the peoples classified under these 

 names as builders of stone structures. Now I distinguish be- 

 tween Khita and Sumerian, making the former Turanian and 

 mound-builders, or if builders at all in the true sense, founders 

 of cities, while the latter are Celtic and the erecters of mega- 

 lithic monuments. The latter I propose to recognize by their 

 possession in some form of the Sumerian name, as Zimuhr, 

 Amor, Cymri ; the former, by the occurrence in their geographi- 

 cal, tribal or mythological nomenclature of such forms as Ashtar, 

 Hasisadra, Haitor, Astura, Hubisega, Khupuskai, Thapsacus, 

 Basque, Guipuzcoa, Schapsuch, Abasech, Pkhah, Euskara, Is- 

 couria, Achaicarus, etc. In so doing I necessarily run the risk 

 of passing over many Hittite families, for the Khupuskai can 

 have been but one, and perhaps not the most important, of these. 

 Still it is the only one for which we have data, and fortunately 

 it is sufficient to illustrate the Khita-Sumerian occupation of 

 Peru. 



In Peru we find two main stocks, the Aymaras, supposed to 

 be its oldest inhabitants, and the Quichuas, or so called Jncas. 

 Their grammatical forms are almost identical, and there is much 

 resemblance in their vocabularies. In its main features the dif- 

 ference between Peruvian and Acead grammar is virtually that 

 which separates the Acead from the Ugrian languages, with 

 which it has been classed. In the use of postpositions, the post- 

 position of the nominative to the genitive, of the noun to its 

 adjective and of the verb to its accusative, as well as in its 

 order of verbal root, temporal index and pronominal suffix, Per- 



