No. 6.] G. M. DAWSON — BRITISH COLUMBIA TREES. 327 



dry region of British Columbia, occurring between the Coast 

 Kanges and Selkirk and Gold Ranges northward from the forty- 

 ninth parallel to latitude 51° 30' and probably also to about lati- 

 tude 51° in the valley of the upper portion of the Columbia. 

 Found also I believe sparingly on the east side of the Rocky 

 Mountains near Waterton Lake on the forty-ninth parallel. On 

 the Similkiimeen this tree is seen furthest east three miles above 

 Nine-mile Creek. On the Coldwater it reaches to eighteen or 

 twenty miles from the Nicola ; down the Fraser to thirty miles 

 above Yale, and northward ou the main waggon road to " the 

 Chasm " beyond Clinton. It extends about forty miles up the 

 North Thompson, is found on the northern slopes of the South- 

 western Arm of Great Shuswap Lake, and also sparingly on the 

 southern part of the Salmon Arm, west of Okanagan Lake towards 

 Cherry Creek nearly to the Camel's Hump Mountain. 



It is used pretty extensively in the region which it character- 

 izes, yielding sawn lumber of good appearance, but rather brittle 

 and not very durable when exposed to the weather. It grows in 

 open groves in the valleys, where it often occurs almost to the 

 exclusion of other trees ; and stretches up the slopes of the moun- 

 tains and plateaux to a height of over 3000 feet, where it i& 

 replaced by the Douglas fir and Pinus contorta. Its diameter 

 in British Columbia does not seem to exceed four feet, though 

 further south it is said to reach a diameter of twelve to fifteen 

 feet. 



Pinus contorta, Dougl. Western scrub pine, also called the 

 bull or black pine. Occurs throughout British Columbia from 

 the sea-coast to the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, and 

 from the forty-ninth parallel northward. It is the characteristic 

 tree over the northern part of the interior plateau, and densely 

 covers great areas. In the southern part of the province it is 

 found on those parts of the plateau and hills which rise above 

 about 3500 feet, where the rainfall becomes too great for the 

 healthy growth of P. ponderosa. It grows also abundantly on 

 sandy benches and river flats at less elevations. On the coast it 

 occurs rather sparingly on sandy dunes and the most exposed rocky 

 points, becoming gnarled and stunted. In the Queen Charlotte 

 Islands it is scarcely seen except on the western coast, and does 

 not occur near the water level for a considerable distance up the 

 Skeena. In the interior it often forms dense proves, the trees 



