328 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [Vol. ix. 



being 60 to even 100 feet in height, but seldom exceeding a 

 diameter of two feet. It does not extend upward to the timber 

 limit in the higher mountains. The tree characteristic of the 

 interior is var. latifoUa of Engelmann, and differs considerably 

 in appearance and character of wood from that of the coast to 

 which the name coJitorta may appropriately be applied. Dall 

 states the northern limit of this tree in Alaska to be on the 

 Youkon at Fort Selkirk, latitude 63°. In the Peace River 

 region it crosses the Eocky Mountain range, and occurs more or 

 less abundantly over a great area generally on the higher parts 

 of the plateau with poor soil. It is replaced by the Banksian 

 pine at the watershed between the Athabasca and Saskatchewan. 

 The wood is seldom used as lumber on account of its small 

 size, but is white and fairly durable. The cambium layer, con- 

 taining much sugar, is eaten by the Indians in the spring, and 

 in some instances large quantities of it are collected and dried 

 for winter use. 



Plmis flexilis, James var. alhicaulis, Engelm. White pine, 

 white-barked pine. Wood not employed as lumber; the trees 

 beino" in "eneral small and in inaccessible situations. Observed 

 in the Coast or Cascade Ranges as far north as the Iltasyouco 

 River (lat. 53°), occurs in the mountains south of the upper part 

 of the Dean or Salmon River, in the vicinity of Lillooet and 

 at Yale, and on the summit of Iron Mountain at the mouth of 

 the Cold water. The seeds are collected and used as food by the 

 Indians. 



Piniis moiiticola, Dougl. White pine. This tree is abundant 

 in certain districts of the interior of Vancouver Island, and is 

 also found in all parts of the southern portion of the Coast Range 

 where there is an abundant rainfall. It is found on the Hope- 

 Similkameen trail, some miles bevond the summit on the Sum- 

 oUow, about the summit between the Coquihalla and Coldwater 

 on the Hope-Nicola trail ; and to the west bank of the Spioos at 

 the trail crossing. On the Homathco River it disappears at fifty-one 

 miles from the sea at an elevation of 2235 feet. It reappears in 

 the region of heavy rainfall of the Gold Range, being abundant 

 about Cherry Creek and on the shores of Great Shuswap and 

 Adam's Lakes. It has not been observed in the Queen Char- 

 lotte Islands, though it may exist there. It appears to flourish 

 best in the higher mountain regions. The tree attains sixty to 



