No. 8. J J. AV. DAWSON — PALEOZOIC LAND SNAILS. 459 



hold other remains of land animals beside the Papa, I had 

 some excavations made in it, and a considerable quantity of 

 material taken out. I found, however, that the thin layer 

 containing the land shells was not continuous, but in limited 

 patches, and was rewarded only by the discovery of a few 

 specimens of Zonites priscus and a small and not determinable 

 fragment of bone, in addition to specimens of Pupa vetusta. 



The specimens found at this time were submitted to the late 

 Dr. P. P. Carpenter, by whom the species was named and 

 described. One or two crushed specimens have been subse- 

 quently found in the erect trees holding Pujxi vetusta in group 

 XY, but the species is extremely rare in comparison. This may 

 however, have depended on some difference in habitat or mode 

 of life, rendering it less likely to be imbedded in the deposits 

 in process of formation. It is also to be observed that the shell 

 is much more delicate than that of Pupa vetusta, and therefore 

 less likely to be preserved. 



With regard to its affinities, it was compared by Dr. Carpen- 

 ter with the African species Paryplianta Caffra Fer., " on an 

 extremely small scale." Dr. Carpenter also compared it with 

 Hygromia, and stated that it might well be ranked under Pseu- 

 dohyalina of Morse, with the living species minuscula and 

 exigua. He thought it best, however, to place it in the subgenus 

 Conulus of the genus Zonites, as defined by Messrs. Adams. 

 With regard to the subgeneric name. Dr. Carpenter explained 

 that the subgenus Conulus of Fits, 1833, appears to be synony- 

 mous with Trochiscus Held, 1837, (non Sby.) ; also with Petasia 

 Beck, 1837 ; and with Perforatella Schliitt. ; and according to 

 Adams is a subgenus of Zonites Montf. (non Leach, Gray). 

 Those who do not care to enter into these subgeneric distinctions, 

 may designate the species as a Zonites, or even, speaking loosely, 

 as a Helix. There seems nothing in its characters to separate 

 it, more than specifically, from many of our smaller helicoid 

 snails with thin shells and simple aperture. 



5. Dawsonella Meeki Bradley. (Figs. 12 and 13.) 



[Report of Geological Survey of Illinois, vol. iv, p. 254. Am. Jour, 

 of Sci., Ill, vol. iv, p. 88. Ibid. vol. vii, p. 157. ] 



Description.^ — Shell broad, depressed, helicoid. Spire obtuse, 

 consisting of three to three and one-half turns. Length three 



* Modified from Bradley. 



