414 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [Vol. IX. 



The other yielded — 



Carbonic acid - 9-35 and contained in addition to 



soda and tartar, 

 Flour - - - 24-70 

 Sulphate of lime - 20-78 



These two powders depart from our type ia containing mucli 

 flour, and also in having a large quantity of sulphate of lime. I 

 do not think it possible that any one would use the latter sub- 

 stance imagining it would act as lime, and therefore the only 

 inference possible is that sulphate of lime is used to increase the 

 weight of the powder and thereby fraudulently augment the 

 producer's gain, a procedure which cannot be too loudly con- 

 demned, 



From the facts I have submitted we learn that whilst there 

 are before the public, baking powders which contain neither in- 

 jurious nor unnecessary ingredients, and which therefore may be 

 used safely and advantageously, there are in the market many 

 which besides producing only a very small quantity of carbonic 

 acid gas, contain unnecessary substances, as well as substances 

 acting injuriously upon the human system, and which should 

 therefore be left severely alone. 



NATURAL SELECTION AND THE INK-GLAND 

 OF DIBRANCHIATE CEPHALOPODS. 



By S. p. Kobins, LL.D. 



'} 



" Nothing at first can appear more difficult to believe than that the 

 " most complex organs and instincts have been perfected, not by 

 " means superior to, though analogous with, human reason, but by 

 " the accumulation of innumerable slight variations each good for the 

 " individual possessor. Nevertheless, this difficulty, though appear- 

 " ing to our imagination insuperably great, cannot be considered real 

 '• if we admit the following propositions, namely, that all parts of the 

 " organization and instincts offer, at least individual differences — that 

 " there is a struggle for existence leading to the preserA-ation of profit- 

 " able deviations of structure or instinct — and, lastly, that gradations 

 " in the state of perfection of each organ may have existed, each good 

 " of its kind. The truth of these propositions cannot I think be dis- 

 (' puted." — Darwin, Origin of Species, chapter 14. 



Extensive as is the literature that has gathered around the 

 celebrated " Origin of Species " of Mr. Darwin, the subject is 

 by no means exhausted. The doctrine of the evolution of species 



