BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 287 



than two-thirds {D. fyrannina) to nearly four-fifths (D. homocJiroa) 

 as long as the longest, the ninth equal to or shorter than fifth. Tail a 

 little more than two-thirds {D. Tiomocliroa) to more than five-sixths 

 {D. iyrannina) as long as wing, graduated for less than to considerably 

 more than two- thirds its length, the rectrices (12) rather broatl, 

 rounded terminall}^, but with the very rigid shafts nearly denuded at 

 tip, and forming projecting, more or less (sometimes rather strongly) 

 decurved points. Tarsus shorter than exposed culmen to slightly 

 longer, about one-fourth as long as wing (only one-fifth as long in 

 D. iyrannina) rather slender (stouter in D. homocJiroa), distinctly 

 scutellate (endaspidean); middle toe, with claw, shorter than tarsus 

 (except in D. Iyrannina); outer toe (with or without claw) as long as 

 middle toe, or very slightly shorter; inner toe, without claw, reaching 

 to subterminal articulation of middle toe; hallux decidedly shorter 

 than inner toe, scarcely, if at all, stouter; middle toe united to outer 

 toe for whole of its first and part of its second phalanx, to inner toe 

 for about half its first phalanx; anterior claws large, very strongly 

 curved and acute, that of hallux less strongl}^ curved, about as 

 long as the digit. 



Coloration. — Tail-coverts, tail, and secondaries chestnut or rufous- 

 chestnut; rest of upper parts brown (nearly olive to tawny-brown or 

 russet), the pileum sometimes narrowly and indistinctly streaked 

 with paler; under parts lighter brown or olive-brown, sometimes ])aler 

 and grayer, or even dull whitish, on clim and upper throat, the chest 

 or foreneck sometimes narrowly streaked with. ]:)aler. One species 

 wholly rufous-chestnut, duller on back and under parts. Sexes alike. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to Ca3^enne, southeastern Brazil, Bolivia, 

 and Ecuador. (About sixteen species.") 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF DENDROCINCLA. 



n. Secondaries mostly tawiiy or tawny-ochraceous, contrasting strongly with their 

 dusky tips and the umber brown of \ving-co verts. (Dcndroeinclu anahalina.) 

 b. Nape suffused with tawny; rump lighter, or more tawny, brown; secondaries 

 clearer tawny or tawny-ochraceous. 

 c. Darker and browner. (Southeastern Mexico, except Campeche and Yucatan, 



to eastern Nicaragua) Dendrocincla anabatina anabatina (p. 288). 



cc. Lighter and more buffy. (Campeche and Yucatan.) 



Dendrocincla anabatina typhla (p. 290). 

 bb. Nape not suffused with tawny; rump darker ])rown; secondaries darker and 

 duller tawny. (Southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama.) 



Dendrocincla anabatina saturata (p. 290). 

 aa. Secondaries brown or rufescent (not tawny or taAvny-ochraceous), concolor with 

 wing-coverts, or at least not contrasting strongly with them. 

 b. Wing-coverts brown (not rufescent); throat dull light buffy grayish; pileum dull 

 olive-brown. (Dendrocincla lafresnayei.) 



CI The following have not been examined in this connection: D. macrorhyncha Salva- 

 dori and Festa, D. fuliginosa (Vieillot), and D. minor Pelzeln. 



