BIEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEEICA. 235 



Panamfi,(Boquete,Chiriqui; Capira); Nicaragua?; State of Antioquia, 

 Colombia (Medellm; Frontino) ? 



(?) Dendrocops multisLrigatus (not Dendrocolaptes mullisirigatus Eyton) Bona- 

 parte, Notes Orn. Coll. Delattre, 1854, 87 (Nicaragua). 

 Dendrocolaptes muUistrigatus (not of Eyton) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 



1868, 106, 146 (NavaiTO, Costa Rica; crit.). — Frantzius, Journ. fiii- Orn., 



1869, 305 (Navarro). 



Dendrocolaptes puncticollis (not of Sclater and Salvin) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., ix, 1868, 146 (Navarro).— Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1878, 60 

 (Naranjo de Cartago, Costa Rica; habits). — Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa 

 Rica, i, 1887, 113 (Cartago, Costa Rica). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 xi, 1889, 545 (Navarro; crit.).— BanCxS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 

 48 (Boquete, 7,000 ft., Panama). 



Dendrocolaptes validus (not of Tschudi) Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 

 172, part (Panamd.; Medellin and Frontino, prov. Antioquia, Colombia?). — 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1891, 191, part (Navarro and 

 Naranjo, Costa Rica; PanamA; Colombia?). 



[Dendrocolaptes] validus Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 87, part (Costa Rica; 

 Panama). 



Dendrocolaptes validus costaricensis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxii, April 

 17, 1909, 73 (Laguaria, Santa Maria de Dota, s. w. Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus.). — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 658 (Costa Rica; crit.). 



Genus XIPHOCOLAPTES Lesson. 



Xiphocolaptes Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1840, 269. (Type, Dendrocopus alhicolUs 

 Vieillot.) 



Very large Dendrocolaptidfe (length about 280-320 mm.) with 

 bill longer than head, stout, more or less (but never strongly) decurved, 

 and compressed (much deeper than broad at nostrils). 



Bill longer than head (commissure nearly twice as long as tarsus), 

 slightly decurved, much compressed, its depth at nostril much 

 greater than its width at same point; cidmen scarcely ridged, gradu- 

 ally decurved from base, the tip of maxilla not uncinate; tomia 

 gradually decurved, wdthout trace of subterminal notch; gonys 

 straight or (sometimes) slightly decurved terminally, slightly promi- 

 nent and convex basally, where tliere is a more or less distinct 

 narrow median ridge on under side. Nostril exposed, posteriorly in 

 contact with latero-frontal feathers or nearly so, obliquely oval, 

 non-operculate. Rictal bristles absent; feathers of chin and loral 

 region with open or semi-decomposed webs. Wing rather large and 

 pointed, with longest primaries exceeding secondaries by less than 

 lengtli of bill from nostril; sixth, seventh, and eighth, fifth, sixth, 

 and seventh, or sixth and seventh, primaries longest, the tenth 

 (outermost) a little more than two-thirds as long as the longest, 

 the ninth longer than fourth. Tail a])out six-seventlis as long as 

 wing, graduated for more than one- third its length, the rectrices (12) 

 acuminate, "with the excessively strong and rigid shafts decurved 

 and twisted terminally. Tarsus about as long as bill from nostril, 



