NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 137 



3. P. Ziininerniaiiiii Grt , Can. Ento. ix. 161, 1877 (Nephopteryx) ; x, 19, 

 1878; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 699, 1878 {Pinipestis} ; v, 589, 1879; Pack- 

 ard, Ins. Inj. Shade Tre es, v. 182; Grote. N. Am. Euto. I, 11, pi. 2, fio;. 10, 1879; 

 Zirumermann, Cau. Ento. x, 20, 1878; Kellicott, Can. Ento, xi, 114; xii, 59. — 

 Expands 28 — 32 mm. Fore wings blackish gray, shaded with reddish on the 

 basal and terminal fields; the lines are prominent, consisting of double black 

 lines enclosing pale bands ; the inner line is perpendicular, bidentate ; the outer 

 line is once more strongly indented below costa ; the black shadings of jmle lines 

 equally distinct on both sides; the median field is blackish, becoming pale to- 

 ward the outer line; it shows a pale sometimes whitish cellular spot, surmounted 

 with raised scales. It can be seen that these raised scales (easily lost in setting 

 the insect), accompany the median lines as well as form the discal mark and 

 the basal line; the terminal edge of the wing is pale or ruddy before the ter- 

 minal black line; the fringes are blackish. The hind wings are pale yellowish 

 white, shaded with fuscous on costal region, and more or less terminally before 

 the blackish terminal black line ; the fringes are dusky. Beneath the fore wings 

 are blackish, marked with pale on costa ; hind wings as on upper surface. 



Mr. Grote says, also, Can. Ento. ix, 161 : " in the months of June 

 and July, the Red Pine ( Fhius resinosa) and tlie White Pine (Finus 

 sfrobiis), show by the exuding pitch that they are suffering from the 

 attacks of an insect. The wounds occur on the main stem below 

 the insertion of the branch. On cutting into the bark the injury is 

 found to be caused by a small larva, which, when full grown, meas- 

 ures 16-18 mm. The head is shining chestnut-brown with black 

 mandibles. The body is livid or blackish green, naked, with series 

 of black dots, each dot giving ri.se to a single, rather stout bristle. 

 The prothoracic shield is blackish. The larva has sixteen legs. 

 This larva, eating on the inner side of the bark and making furrows 

 in the wood, causes the bleeding, which, when depletion is excessive 

 or continuous, and, especially in the case of young trees, has proved 

 fatal. 



" In July the worm spins a whitish, thin, papery cocoon in the 

 mass of exuding pitch, which seems to act as a protection to both 

 larva and the chrysalis. The chrysalis is cylindrical, smooth, nar- 

 row, blackish brown, about 16 mm. in length. The head is pointed, 

 there being a pronounced clypeal protuberance; the segments are 

 unarmed ; the anal plate is provided with a row of four spines and 

 two others more slender on either side of the mesial line below the 

 first. The imago appears in ten to fourteen days." 



Mr. Grote also .says. Bull. U. >S. Geol. 8urv. Terr, iv, 700, 1878 : 

 " It is not certain how the hibernation of P. zimmermanni is accom- 

 plished. From the fact that Mr. Zimmermann has found larviB re- 

 sembling those of this species in the clots formed by the exuding 



TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (18) MAY, 1890. 



