20 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Aidhiis palKxtrw Brehm, Lehrb., 1823, 244; Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 334. 

 Aiillm.^ staynatilis B-REHM, Vog. Deutschl., 1831. 

 Anthm danicus Brehm, Yog. Deutschl., 1831. 

 Anthus pratorum Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831. 

 Anthus alticeps Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831. 

 Anthus tenuirodrb Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831. 

 Anthus musicus Bkeb.^, Vog. Deutschl., 1831. 

 AnthmvireHceusBviEB.il, Vog. Deutschl., 1831. 

 • Anthus lichtensteini BuE.TiM, Vog. Deutschl., 1831. 

 Anthus desertorum Brekta, Vog. Deutschl., 1831. 

 Anthus montanellus Brekm., Vog. Deutschl., 1831. 

 Anthus tristis Bailly, M6m. Soc. d'Emul. Abbeville, 1833, 14. 

 Anthus communis Blyth, ed. White's Nat. Hist. Selbourne, 1850, 261. 

 Anthus intermedius Syevertsov, Ibis, 1876, 179. 



ANTHUS SPRAGUEII (Audubon). 

 SPRAGUES PIPIT. 



AdulU {sexes alike) in spring." — Above pale buff}^ gra^'ish brown 

 broadly streaked with dusky, the streaks broadest on back, narrowest 

 on hindneck; wings and tail dusky with pale bufiy grayish brown 

 edgings, the middle and greater wing-coverts margined termhially 

 with the same, the oittermost primary edged with white; outermost 

 rectrix white, with basal half, or more, of inner portion of inner web 

 dusky grayish; next rectrix with approximate!}" the outer half white, 

 the inner half grayish dusky; sides of head, including superciliary 

 stripe and lores, and entire under parts dull buffy white, becoming 

 more or less pronouncedly brownish buffy on chest, sides and flanks, 

 the chest narrowl}^ streaked with blackish, the sides of breast more 

 broadly but less distinctly streaked with grayish brown; axillars and 

 under wing-coverts wdiite; maxilla dusky brown or brownish black 

 with paler tomia; mandible pale brownish (in dried skins), darker ter- 

 minally; iris brown; legs and feet pale buffy brown (in dried skins). 



Adults and young in, autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring 

 plumage, but more p^ronounced buffy, both above and below, lower 

 throat, chest, breast, sides, and flanks rather deep dull buff', with 

 dusky streaks on chest rather broader and less sharply defined than in 

 spring and summer. 



Young, first jylumage. — Pileum broadly streaked with black and pale 

 buff', the former predominating; scapulars and interscapulars black 

 edged with buff and conspicuously margined terminally with white; 

 rump similarly marked, but terminal margins to feathers buff' instead 

 of white; wings and tail as in adults, but whitish or pale buffy terminal 

 margins to middle and greater wing-coverts broader and more sharply 

 defined; under parts as in adults, but white of chin and throat more 

 strongl}' contrasted with the pale buff' of chest, etc. 



« In summer the colors become paler, with less of a buffy tinge on under parts, the 

 upper parts less buffy, with the paler wing-edgings less distinct. 



