HIK1)8 OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 19 



Adu/i fewaU—hength (skins), 141-154 (148.4); winjr, 72-79 (75.4); 

 tail, 52-58 (55.2); exposed ouliiien. 11-18(12): tarsus. 21; middle toe, 

 15; hind claw, 11-12 (11.2)." 



Western division of the Palaiarctic Region, breeding- over the greater 

 ]iart of Europe (in Spain, Italy, (ireece, Asia Minor, aiid Palestine, 

 only on higher mountains), migrating southward in winter to northern 

 Africa. Accidental in Greenland (one specimen, taken in 1845). 



[Ahtndal pr-atenxin Linn.kus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 16(3 (based on The Titlark 

 Albin, Nat. Hist. Birds, i, 41, pi. 43, etc.) ; ed. 12, i, 1766, 287.— Gmelin, Syst. 

 Nat., i, 1788, 792. 



Alauda pratermi^ Forster, Cat. Brit. Birds, 1817, 76. 



Antlmx praten.vs Bechstein, Gem. Naturg. Deutschl., iii, 1807, 732.— Temminck, 

 Man. d'Orn., i, 1820, 269.— Naumann, Viig. Deutschl., iii, 1823, 774, part.— 

 Werxkr, Atlas, Insectivores, 1827, pi. 80. — Goui.n, Birds Euroj)e, ii, 1837, 

 pi. 1.36; Birds Gt. Brit., iii, 1870, pi. 13.— Macgillivray, Hist. Brit. Birds, 

 ii, 1839, 181.— Keyserlinc; and Blasius, Wirb. Eur., 1840, 172.- Sklys- 

 IxjNGCHAMPs, Faun. Belg., 1842, 87.— Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, i, 1843, 

 389.— Hewitson, Eggs Brit. Birds, i, 1846, 133, pi. 36, tig. 1.— Paulsen, ed. 

 HolboU's Fauna Gron., 1846, 24.— Wolley, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 108 

 (Faroe Islands, breeding). — Gray, List Brit. Bii'ds, 1863, 69. — Newton, in 

 Baring Gould's Iceland, 1863; ed. Yarrell's Hist. Brit. Birds, i, 1874, 575.— 

 K.T.ERBOLi-iNG, Om. Dan., 1852, pb 17, fig. 3. — Zander, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1853, Extrah., i, 60 (monogr.).— Schlegel, Vog. Nederl. , 1854, pi. 96; Dier. 

 Nederl., Yog., 1861, pi. 9, fig. 5.— Sundevall, Svensk. Fogl., 1856, pi. 8, fig. 

 7. — LiNDERMAYER, Yog. Grieclieul., 1860, 77. — Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 6 

 (Greenland, 1 spec, 1845). — Baird, Review Am. Birds, 1864, 155 (Green- 

 land). — DKGLANuand Gerbe, Orn. Eur., i, 1867, .367. — Loche, Exped. Sci. 

 Alger., Ois.. ii^ 1867, 16.— Heuglin, Orn. N. O.-Afr., 1869, 323.— Fritsch, 

 Yog. Eur., 1870, pi. 16, fig. 7.— Salvadori, Faun. Ital. Ucc, 1871, 125.— 

 Shelley, Birds Egypt, 1872, 131.— Harting, Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 24.— 

 Dresser, Birds Europe, iii, 1874, 285, pi. 132, fig. 1. — Baird, Brewer, and 

 Ru)GWAY, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 173, part, pi. 10, fig. 4. — Ridgway, 

 Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 72.— Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 88.— 

 Britlsit Ornithologists' Union, List Brit. Birds, 1883, 32. — Radde, Orn. 

 Caucas., 1884, 217. — Tristram, Fauna and Flora Palestine, 1884, 55. — Sharpe, 

 Cat. Birds, Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 580. — .\merican Ornithologists' Union, 

 Check List, 1886, no. 698. 



.il[«//((i.s] prntensv< Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1847, 206. — Cab.\nis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 

 14.— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 285.— Ridgway, Man. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1887, 536. 



[.l/(///?<.s] //(y(y('//.s-(.>! Bonaj'arte, Cousp. A\., i, 1850, 248. — Gray, Hand-list, i, ISiiK, 

 251, no. 3645. 



Spipola praten.iix LiKACH, Cat. Mamm., etc., Brit. Mus., 1816, 21. — Boicard, Cat. 

 Av., 1876, 211, no. 6523. 



Leimoniptertt praU'iisix Kaup, Naturl. Syst., 1829,' 39. 



ParuH ignotUK BrIjnnich, Orn. Bor., 1764, 73 (see Stricklan<l, Jardine's Contr. 

 Orn., 1852, 44, 45).— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 1006. 



Anthns nepiariuH Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxvi, 1818, 486 (based on 

 Alaada sepiaria Brisson; Le Cnjelier Daubenton PI. Enl., pi. 660. fig. 2'!. — 

 Koux, r)rn. Prov., 1825, pi. 188. 



"Seven spccinn'iis. 



