12 BFLLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



hh. Hallux and claw loj^vthcr longer than middle lur and claw, ci(nal In or lunger 

 than tarsus. 

 c. Sides and flanks conspicuously streaked with dusky; wing nearly four times 

 as long as tarsus, the latter less than twice as long as exposed culinen. 

 (Europe, south in winter to northeastern Africa and western Asia; occa- 

 sional in Greenland. ) Antlius- pratensis ( p. 18 ) 



cr. Sides and flanks not distinctly, if at all, streaked (excej)t in young); wing 

 much less than four times as long as tarsus, the latter not less than twice 

 as long as exjjosed culmen. (Interior plains of North America. ) 



Anthus spragueii ( j). 20 ) 



u(t. Sixth primary not conspicuously longer than fifth, the difference between them 



not greater than that between fifth and fourth ; wing less than 65 mm., usually 



much less. (Isthmus of Panama. ) Anthus parvus (p. 22) 



ANTHUS PENSILVANICUS (Latham). 

 AMERICAN PIPIT. 



Adultfi {sexes alike) in. sj>re/i(/ and suimaei-. — Above g'ra^yi.sh olive ov 

 hair brown, usually more or less inclining to gray, especially on 

 pileum and hindneck, the feathers of pileuni, back, and scapulars 

 darker centrally, forming indistinct .streaks; wings and tail dusky 

 with pale grajnsh olive or olive-grayish edgings, the middle wing- 

 coverts margined terminally with pale grayish bufty, dull graj^ish, or 

 dull whitish, the greater coverts also sometim(\s margined at tips with 

 the same; pale edgings to tertials, especially the longer, sometimes 

 passing into whitish terminall}^; outermost rectrix with outer web and 

 shaft, except at base, and nearly the terminal half of inner web white, 

 that on inner wel) extending much more than halfway to the base 

 next to shaft, the dusk}' of basal portion extending more than two- 

 thirds the distance toward tip along inner edge; second rectrix with a 

 terminal white space, this also extending nmch farther externally than 

 internally; third rectrix sometimes also with a small wedge-shaped 

 mark of white at tip; a superciliary stripe and entire under parts 

 yar3'ing from pinkish ))utf to deep cinnamon-buff or vinaceous buffy 

 cinnamon, the chest, sides, and flanks usually more or less streaked with 

 dusky, l)ut sometimes the entire under surface innuaculate, except for 

 a few very indistinct streaks of dusky grayish on flanks; bill dusky 

 brown, nearly black on culmen and tip, the mandible paler (more horn 

 colored) basally; iris l)r(jwn; legs and feet black or brownish black or 

 else the tarsi dark brownish. 



Adults in winter. — Similar to the spring and sunmier plumage, but 

 general color of upper parts much browner or more olivaceous, super- 

 ciliary stripe and under parts much paler, varying from dull cream- 

 buff to dull buffy white, the chest, sides, and flanks (especially the 

 first) more heavily streaked with brown or dusky; mandible more 

 extensively light colored, and legs and feet never (^) blackish, but 

 brown, the toes usually somewhat darker. 



