BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 237 



Collyrio elegans Baiut), Rep. Pacific R. K. Stirv., ix, 1858, p. xxxv; Cat. N. Am. 



Birds, 1859, no. 239, part. 

 Collurio elegans Bairv, Review Am. Birds, June, 1866, 444, part (in synonymy). — 



Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 140, part (quotation of original description and in 



synonymy). 

 LankiH laldora Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 236. 

 (See Dresser and Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 595; Ridgway, Am. Nat., 

 vii, 1873, 609; Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 545.) 

 (2) Lanius ludovicianus robustus (Baird)=Lanius algeriensis Lesson. 



Lanius elegans (not of Swainson) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ix, 1857 



(1858), 213 ("California").— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 328, 



footnote, part (not the description); ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pi. 75, 



■fig. 1. 

 Collyrio elegans BAUiD, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, p. xxxv; Cat. N. Am. 



Birds, 1859, no. 239, part. 

 Collurio elegans Baird, Review Am. Birds, Aug. 1866, 444, part. — (/oopkr, Orn. 



Cal., 1870, 140, part, including fig. 

 Collyrio excubitoroides (-not Lanius excubitorldes Swainson) Baird, Rep. Pacific 



R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 327, part. 

 Collurio ludovicianus (not Lanius ludovicianus Liniueus) Coijes, Key N. Am. 



Birds, 1872, 125, part. 

 Collurio ludorncianus, var. robustus Baird, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 608 (California; 



coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, i, 1874, 420; iii, 1874, 508. 

 Lanius ludovicianus robustus Ridgway', Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, Aug. 24, 1880, 



175, 216; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 149?*. 

 Lanius robustus GAJ)0\f, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., viii, 1883, 243. — Stejneger, Proc. 



Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, 91-96 (crit.).— Ridgway, Auk, xiv, 1897, 323 



(crit). 

 L\an.ius'] robustus Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 468. 

 Collyrio ludovicianus, var. robustus Collett, Archiv. Mathem. og Naturvid. 



Kristiania, 1878, 181, in text (crit.). 

 Lanius bairdi Ste.jneger, Archiv. Math. Natur\ideiisl<. Kristiania, iii, 1878, 326, 



330 { = Collyrio elegans Baird); iv, 1879, 263. 



LANIUS BOREALIS Vieillot. 

 NORTHERN SHRIKE. 



Adult male. — Above plain light bluish gray,'' changing- to v^h\to on 

 lower rump, upper tail-coverts, posterior scapulars, superciliary 

 region, and anterior portion of forehead; lower portion of latero- 

 frontal tuft and spot in front of eye black, the intervening space 

 dusky gray; auricular region black, this extending forward beneath 

 lower ej'clid and confluent with the black anteorbital space; wings 

 and tail black; secondaries and innermost primaries tipped with white 

 (the latter more narrowlv); base of primaries (except three outermost) 

 white across both webs, showing as a more or less conspicuous patch; 

 outermost rectrix white w'ith a black spot or patch near base of inner 

 web; second rectrix with base and extensive terminal portion white, 



"Between gray no. 8 and cinereous of Ridgway's Nomenclature of Colors. 



