BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 215 



more than one-tliird :is lono- as wing, niucli lonoer than niiddh' toe 

 with daw, distinctly scutcllatc anteriorly; outer toe distinctly longer 

 than inner, the latter (without claw) about as long- as hallux (without 

 claw), its claw reaching to base of middle claw. 



Coloration. — Above plain olive-green or brown, the head grayish 

 olive-green, gra}', brown, or russet, the wings and tail also sometimes 

 russet or russet brown (in brown-backed species); beneath mostl}" pale 

 yellowish or buff}', or grayish white becoming light olive-green on 

 sides and flanks. 



Ran(ii\—^\'o\i\('^\ America except West Indies and Galapagos Archi- 

 pelago, but including islands of Trinidad and Tobago. (Numerous 

 species.) 



KKY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PACIIVSYLVIA." 



a. Pileum and hindneck gray, in strong contrast with olive-green of back, etc. 



(Southern ^Mexico to Isthmus of Panama. ) Pachysylvia decurtata (p. 216) 



o«. Pileum and hindneck not gray. 



h. Tail russet; pileum tawny-olive ox olive-tawny, the former more yellowish 

 anteriorly; back olive-brown. {Pachiiaylrki orhrarciceps.) 

 c. Chest pale ochraceous-brown. (Southern Mexico to northern Honduras.) 



Pachysylvia ochraceiceps ochraceiceps (p. 218) 

 cc. Chest pale buffy olive. (Southern Honduras to Chiri(|ui. ) 



Pachysylvia ochraceiceps pallidipectus (p. 219) 

 hi). Tail olive-green: jiileum brownish or grayish olive; V)ack olive-green or grayish 

 olive. 

 ('. Pileum distinctly browner than back, becoming yellowish on anterior portion 

 of forehead. {Pachysylriu uurantiifroxH.) 

 d. Under parts paler, the chest very slightly, if at all, tinged with buff; smaller, 

 with relatively shorter tarsus (adult male averaging wing 55.9, tail 43.5, 

 exposed culmen 12.1, tarsus 15.7). (Coast district of Colombia, from 

 Santa ]\Iarta to Panama. ). .Pachysylvia aurantiifrons aurantiifrons (p. 220) 

 d(l. Under parts more brightly colored, the chest distinctly ochraceous or 

 buffy; larger, with relatively longer tarsus (adult male averaging wing 

 56.5, tail 44..", exposed culmen 12.6, tarsus 17.1). (Venezuela; Trini- 

 dad; Guiana; Brazil.) 



Pachysylvia aurantiifrons hypoxantha vextraliniital'') 



« Several extralimital forms are included for the reason that they have been com- 

 monly synonymized with Central American species. 



^ II)jli)j)liilus Jii/poxanthini Velzohi, Orn. Bras.,ii, Abth., 1869, 136 (Rio [^anna and 

 Rio Vaupe, n. Brazil; coll. Vienna ]\Ius.) ; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1868, 627, 629 (San Esteban, Venezuela). — Hi/lnpliihis iti.sidarix {not of Sclater) Leo- 

 taud, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 186. — IlylophilKs aunintiifronn (not of Lawrence) Sclater, 

 Ibis, 1881, 303, part; Gadow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.", viii, 1883, 310, part; Chapman, 

 Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 27 (Trinidad; crit.); Robinson and Richmond, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 1901, 177 (San .lulian, Venezuela). 



I am not entirely satisfied that the Trinidad bird is identical with that of the main- 

 land, having only three specimens of the latter and two of these of doubtful locality. 

 The single specimen of certain locality (from ("Juanaguana, province of Bermudez, 

 Venezuela) is i)aler beneath, more as in true P. annintH/nntit, and has the pileum 

 duller in color than either the Trinidad specimens or Co!ond)ian examples (P. (t. 

 (inr<nit'ufrons). Of Trinidad specimens 22 adults have been examined in the pres- 

 ent connection, and these, without a single exception, can be distinguished from 

 any Colombian specimens at a consideral)le distance by the nuich deeper coloration 

 of the under pai'ts. I have not seen examples from near the type locality, which is 

 that portion of northfiu Brazil near the Venezuelan boundary. 



