Birds of nokth and middle America. 267 



(descr. eggs). — HENsnAW, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1873 (1874), 

 122 (Colorado Springs, Colorado, Dec), KiO (Tucson, Arizona, l)reeding); 

 Zool. Exp. w. 100th ]\Ierid., 1875, 320 (habits) .—Snow, Birds of Kansas, 3d 

 ed., 1875, 8 (Phillips Co., w. Kansas).— McCauley, Bull. U. S. Geol. and 

 (Jeog. Surv. Terr., iii, 1877, 669 (Red R. valley, n. Texas).— Sharpe, Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Mus., iii, 1877, 15, footnote.— Goss, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 

 1881, 118 (San Marcial and Galisteo, New Mexico; habits); Auk, i, 1884, 

 100 (Wallace, w. Kansas, Oct.); Hist. Birds of Kansas, 1891, 382 (w. Kansas, 

 resident).— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1882, 201 (Tucson, Ari- 

 zona; notes). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 

 487. — Salvin andGoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-xVni., Aves, i, 1887,488. — Cooke, Bird 

 Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 158 (w. Kansas and Nebraska; Texas localities).— 

 Bexdire, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 555 (Fort Huachuca, Arizona; 

 habits; descr. nest and eggs); Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 402, pi. 4, 

 figs. 4-7 (eggs).— Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., v, 1893, 37 (San Pedro, 

 n. e. Sonora). — Singley, Rep. Geol. Surv. Tex., 1894, 371 (Rio Grande City; 

 Duval Co.).— Bruner, Rep. Nebr. Hort. Soc. for 1896, 122 (Cherry Co.; 

 near Sidney; Republican R. ). — Grinnell (J.), Pasadena Acad. Sci. pub. 

 no. ii, 1898, 32 (Los Angeles Co., California). — Bailey (Florence M. ), 

 Handb. Birds W. U. S., 1902, 280. 



[Corius'} o'l/ptoleucus Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, l.'], no. 6222. — Coues, Key N. Am. 

 Birds, 1872, 162. 



C[orvus'] cryptoleunis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 41. — Ridgway, 

 Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 362. 



CORVUS AMERICANUS AMERICANUS Audubon. 

 AMERICAN CROW. 



Adults {sexes alike). — Entire plumag-e deep black; the back, scapulars, 

 rump, upper tail-coverts, wing-coverts, and secondaries with a gloss 

 of metallic violet; the alula, primar}' coverts, primaries, and outermost 

 rectrices glossed with greenish blue; the middle rectrices glossed with 

 duller or more bluish violet than the back, etc; under parts slightly 

 glossed with bluish violet; bill, legs, and feet, deep black; iris brown. 



Yofing {hi first winter). — Similar to adults, l)ut the violet and bluish 

 green gloss of upper parts less distinct, especial h" on wings and tail; 

 under parts duller black, with a grayish or dull slat}' cast to the lower 

 abdomen and anal region. 



Young. — Head, neck, and l)odv dull sooty or grayish black, the 

 back slightly glossed with violet; wings and tail as in adults, but less 

 strongly glossed with violet, etc. ; iris grayish. 



Adult male.^luength (skins), 406.5-4:89 (450.5); wing, 305-337 (321); 

 tail, 167.5-195.5 (182); exposed culmen, 48-53.5 (51.5); depth of bill 

 at nostrils, 17.5-20.5 (19.5); tarsus, 60-65.5 (62): middle toe, 35.5-40 

 (38). « 



Adult female. — Length (skins), 385-470 (421.5); wing, 282-326.5 

 (305); tail, 154.5-198 (177); exposed culmen, 45.5-50 (48); depth of 

 bill at nostrils, 17.5-19.5 (18); tarsus, 55-61 (57.5); middle toe, 

 32.5-36.5 (35).«' 



"Eleven specimens. ''Fourtei-n specimens. 



