KIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 367 



Adult fenuile.— Length, (skins), 254-274.5 (20S); wintr, 1.39.5-147 

 (144); tail, 139-149 (145); exposed culinen, 19-20.5 (20); depth of l)ill 

 at l)ase, 11-12(11.5); tarsus, 34-36.5 (35.5); middle toe, 17.5-20 (19).« 



Eastern division of the Boreal Province (except I^abradorand New- 

 foundland), from northern limit of coniferous forests south to Nova 

 Scotia, New Brunswick, northern Maine, higher mountains of New 

 Hampshire. Vermont, and northern New York (Adirondacks). north- 

 ern Ontario, northern Michigan, and northern Minnesota — ii'regularly, 

 casually, or during winter to Massachusetts (Cambridge, etc.), vicinity 

 of New York City, Pennsylvania (Lancaster County), southern 

 Ontario, southern Michigan, southeastern AYisconsin (Racine), and 

 South Dakota (Crystal Cave, October); west to Alberbi (Blueberry 

 Hills, Grand Cache, Banff, St. Anns, etc.); north to Lower Anderson 

 and Mackenzie rivers and west side of Hudson Bay (to south of latitude 

 eO'^), etc. 



[CojTw.s] canadensis Linnjeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 158 (based on Le Geay 

 hnin de Canada Brisson, Orn., ii, 54, pi. 4, fig. 2). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 

 1788, 376.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 160. 



Corvus canadensis Forster, Philos. Trans., Ixii, 1772, 386 (Hudson Bay). — 

 Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 33, pi. 21, fig. 1. — Sabine, App. Franklin's 

 Joiirn., 1823, 572.— Bonaparte, Journ. Afc. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1823, 360; 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., iii, 1828, 58.— Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 

 1832, 232.— AvDUBON, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 53; v, 1839, 208, pi. 107. 



Garrulus canadensis Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 295. — 

 Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 155, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 121, pi. 

 234.— Putnam, Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 228 (Massachusetts, casual).— 

 ScHLEGEL, Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, 1867, 65, part (Hudson Bay). — Trippe, 

 Proc. Essex Inst., vi, 1871, 117 (Minnesota, resident). 



Perisoreus canaderisis Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 27. — Baird, Rep. 

 Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 590, part (Minnesota; n. United States); Cat. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 443, part. — Verrill, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 1862, 

 152 (Oxford Co., IMaine, winter). — Boardman, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ix, 

 1862, 127 (Calais, Maine, resident).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1866, 

 289 (New York City, accidental).— :MrlLWRAiTH, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 

 91 (Hamilton, Ontario); Birds Ontario, 1892, 274 (Oshawa, Ontario, 1 

 spec.). — TuRNBULL, Birds E. Penn. and N. J., 1869, 43 (winter straggler). — 

 Maynard, Proe. Bost. Soc. N. Ii., xiv, 1872, 375 (I^ke Umbagog, Maine, 

 breeding).— CouEs, Check List, 1873, no. 239, part; 2d. ed., 1882, no. 359, 

 part. — Haird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 299, 

 part, pi. 41, fig. 3, pi. 42, fig. 4.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., iii, 1877, 

 104.— GiBiis, Bull. U. S. Geo], and Geod. Surv. Terr., v, 1879, 488 (^:\Iichigan; 

 in winter as far as s. boundary). — Roberts, Rep. State (Jeologist Alinn., 

 1880, 376 (n. INIinnesota, abt.). — Ridcjway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1S81, no. 

 297.— Maynard, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 167.— Gunn, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 vi, 1881, 120 (Sturgeon R., Michigan, Aug.)— Merriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, vi, 1881, 231 (Lewis Co., New York, resident).— Brown, Bull. Nutt. 

 Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 112 (Scarborough, near Portland, Maine, 1 spec., Oct. 

 15).— Jeffries, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 181 (Gran<l Falls, New 

 Brunswick; descr. nest and eggs). — Chamberlain, Bull. N. H. Soc. New 



« Four specimens. 



