BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 443 



to New Brunswick (upper St. John Kivor). and northern Ontario 

 (Ebnsdale, etc.) casuallv (?) to Keewatin (Fort Churchill); west to 

 eastern edge of Great Plains (to about the ninety-seventh meridian in 

 Texas); south to Georgia and Gulf States (except coast belt). 



[Siita europaea] y. Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 17S8, 440 {dX^^SHtamrolhun.i. Brinson, 



Orn., iii, 596; etc.)- ^ ,• ■ 



iSitta-] cflroZmt'».sv-.s Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 2<i2 (based on Sdta airolrnmsi.'^ 



Brisson, Orn., iii, 596; etc.). 

 Siita carolmensis Wilson, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 10, pi. 2, fig. 8.-Bonaparte, .Vnn. 

 Lye N.Y., ii, 1826, 96; Geog. and Conip. List, 1838, 10; Consp. Av., i, ISoO, 

 227.— LicHTENSTEiN, Verz. Doubl., 1828, 17.— Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., 

 ii 1831 p xxxvii.— NuTTALL, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 581,— 

 AuDrRON, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 299; v, 1839, 473, pi. 152; Synopsis, 18.39, 167; 

 Birds An.., Oct. ed., iv, 1842, 175, pi. 247.-REicnEXBACH, Handb., Abh., n, 

 1853, 153, pi. 513, figs- 3563-4.— Woodhoise, in Sitgreaves' Rep. Zuni and Col. 

 R 185.3,' 66, part Te. Texas).— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 18.58, 

 374- ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pi. 33, fig. 4; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 18o9, 

 no 277- Review Am. Birds, 1864, 86.— Sclatek, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862. b), part 

 (in svnonymy).-ALLEX, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 125, 174 (T.^^eka, 

 e. Kansas); Bull. Am. ISIus., N. H., i, 1886, 261 (Massachusetts).-TRiPPE, 

 Proc Bost. Soc. N. H., 1872, 236 (Iowa).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 38; 

 2d ed 1882, no. 57; Birds N. W., 1874, 23.— Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- 

 w\v, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, pi. 8, figs. 1, 2.-Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. 

 Birds, 188i; no. 51; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 84.-Mekriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club'vi, 1881, 226 (Adirondacks, New York, breeding).— BATcnEi.DEK, 

 Bull.' Niitt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 109 (upper St. .Tohn, New Brunswick, 

 breeding). -Gadow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., viii, 1883, 353, part.-BicKXELL, 

 Auk i''l884, 135 (song, etc.).— Americ.vx Oknitholocists' Uxiox, Check 

 List,' 1886, no. 727.— Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 276 (west to 97th 

 merid.; SanAngeloand Gainesville, Texas; Caddo, Indian Territory). -Beck- 

 ham Proc U. S. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 692 (San Antonio and Leon Springs, 

 Texas Dec. to Mar.). -White, Auk, x, 1893, 229 (Mackinac L, Michigan, 

 Julv, 'Aug.).— Sanderson, Auk, xv, 1898, 145 (food, habits, etc.).— Embody, 

 Birds, Madison Co., New York, 1901, 32 (resident) .-Fleming, Auk, xui, 

 1901, 44 (Elmsdale, etc., n. Ontario, resident).— Preble, NortirAin. Fauna, 

 No. 22, 1902, 128 (Fort Churchill, Keewatin).— Widmann, Auk, xix, 1902, 

 237 (Wequetonsing, Michigan, breeding).— Bailey (Florence M.), Handb. 

 Birds W. U. S., 1902, 453. _ 



S[itta1 rarolhiemis Bo^AVARTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 2o.— C.vb- 

 ANis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 93.— Maximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., 18o8, 106 

 (Pennsvlvania, etc.; descriptions; habits).— Coles, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d 

 ed., 1884, 270, part.— Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 559, part. 

 [Sittal caroHuensis CorEs, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 83. 

 ,SV/ta caro/mtwi>, var. caro////t'ns/.s Baikd, Brewer, and Rii..;uav, Hist. N. Am. 



Birds, i, 1874, 114. ^ ^ ^ 



Sitia carolmensis carolinemis Hoove, Bull. T'. S. Nat. Mus., no. 20, 1S83, .i4l..^ 

 SUtta} carolinensis carolinensis Hellmayk, Tierreich, 18. Lief., :SIar., 1903, .18<. 

 Siita rarolnms Covert, Annot. List Birds Washtenaw Co., Michigan, ISSl, \,n 



(resident). 

 Sittn melmwcephnla Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxxi, 1S19, .Wtl; da . 

 Ois., 1825, 280, pi. 171.— LES.SON, Traite <rOrn., 1831, 316 (cites \ leilL.t, (.al. 

 Ois., pi. 171, but also Sitta adiinlensix (imelin). 



