BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDL?: AMERICA. 



451 



Adu/t fe?7iale.— Length (skins), lM.5-111 (102.1); wing, 63-08 (65.2); 

 tail, 83-37.5 (31.7); eulmen, 12.5-11.5 (13. s); tarsus, 11.5-16.5 (15.8); 

 middle toe, 11-12 (11.5).« 



Forest districts of northern North America and hijjflier mountains 

 of United States; noi-th to Labrador (Natashi^uan Point), Kcowatin 

 (Repulse Bay, Echimamish, between York Factory and Fort Churchill, 

 etc.), Yukon District (Log- Cabin, junction of Lewes and Pelh' rivers, 

 etc.), and southern Alaska (Skagway); breeding southward to Massa- 

 chusetts (Worcester, Plymouth, and Berkshire counties), New York 

 (Oneida Count}), Pennsylvania (Sullivan County), northern Indiana 

 (Carroll County), northern Illinois (Ogle County), central Iowa (Jas- 

 per Count}'), and along the higher Alleghenics to western North Car- 

 olina (where breeding above 5,000 feet); in western United States 

 breeding in spruce forests on higher mountains south to Colorado and 

 the Sierra Nevada, in California; breeding also on Guadalupe Island, 

 Lower California! In winter south to or near the Gulf coast and to 

 New Mexico and Arizona, probably to northern Mexico. 



[*SV<<a] canadensis LiNNiEus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 177 (based on SiUa cana- 

 densis Brisson, Orn. iii, 593, pi. 29, fig. 4). — Gmelix, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 

 441.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 262. 



Sitta canadensis Bodd.ert, Tabl. PL Enl., 1783. 38 (ex Le Forchepot, du Canada 

 Daubenton, PL EnL 623, fig. 2).— Bonaparte, Am. Lye, N. Y., ii, 1826, 

 96; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 10; Consp. Av., i, 1850, 227.— Nuttall, 

 Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 583; 2d ed., 1840, i, 697.— Audubon, Orn. 

 Biog., ii, 1834, 24, pi. 105; Synopsis, 1839, 167; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 

 1842, 179, pL 248.— Swainson, Classif. Birds, 1837, 318.— Ornithological 

 Committek, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1837, 193 (Columbia R. ). — 

 Tovvnsend, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, 155. — Gambel, Proc. Ac. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1846, 112 (California).— McCall, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1851, 215 (Texas).— Cabot, Naumannia, ii. Heft iii, 1852, 66 

 (Lake Superior). — Reichenbach, Handb. Abh., ii, 1853, 152, pi. 513, figs. 



« Sixteen specimens. 



Eastern, Rocky Mountain, and Patdfii; coast spe(;iniens average, respectively, as 

 follows: 



I am unable to appreciate any difference in coloration between speciiiK'iis from 

 extreme eastern and western or intermediate localities. 



