BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDL?: AMERICA. 397 



c. Sides and flanks I'Xteiisively cliestiuit. (Northern I'acili^' cciast, from nc^rtli- 

 ern California to east side of Kenai Peninsnla, Alaska.) 



Penthestes rufescens rufescens ( j>. 41(i) 

 cc. Sides and Hanks pale brownish-gray with little, if any, chestnut. 



d. Sides and flanks obviously tinged or intermixed with chestnut. (Northern 

 side of San Francisco Bay, in Marin County, California. ) 



Penthestes rufescens neglectus (i>. 418) 

 dd. Sides and flanks without any chestnut, or with a very slight tinge of that 

 color. (Coast range south of San Francisco Bay, California.) 



Penthestes rufescens barlowi (p. 418) 



PENTHESTES ATRICAPILLUS ATRICAPILLUS (Linnaeus). 



CHICKADEE. 



Aihiltt< {xc.i-i'x nllki) 1)1 spi'U)(j and smniner. — Entire j)il(nim ;md 

 hindnock (except lateral portion of the latter) iinifonn deep hiack; 

 back, scapidar.s, middle and lesser wing-coverts plain olive-gray/' 

 ])assino- into more l)utiy gray on rump and upper tail-coverts; wings 

 and tail dusky slate color or dull blackish .slate; greater wing-coverts 

 and secondaries broadh^ edged with pale graj' or grayish white, the 

 primaries narrowly edged with the same; rectrices edged with light 

 olive-gra}', or nearly ash gray, these edgings beconung white on 

 outermost ones; chin and whole throat black, the feathers near poste- 

 rior margin of this black area more or less conspicuously tipped with 

 white; sides of head and neck white; under parts of body white, tiie 

 sides and flanks tinged with buft'; bill black; iris l)rown; legs and feet 

 dusky (bluish gra}' in life). 



Adults hi (tutuinn and 'winter. — Similar lo the spring and sumintM' 

 plumage but much more richly colored, the graj'^ of back, etc., more 

 buffy, the rimip and upper tail-coverts more decidedly buft'y, the sides 

 and flanks deep brownish bufl', in strong contrast with white of the 

 abdomen, and the whitish edgings of larger wing-coverts, secondaries, 

 and outermost rectrices broader and more conspicuous. 



Young. — Similar to siunmer adults ])ut black of head nuich duller 

 (entirely without gloss) and texture of plumage much looser. 



Adult ?/M/t^— Length (skins), 119.5-129.5 (124); wing, 68.5-(5T.5 

 {my, tail, 58-63 (01.5); culmen, 8-9.5 (9); tarsus, 16-17.5 (16.5); 

 middle toe, 9-10.5 (10.1).'' 



Adult female.— LQn^th. (skins), 112.5-126 (121.6); wing, 60.5-()6.5 

 (63.3); tail, 56.5-63 (59.5); culmen, 9-9.5 (9.1);. tar.sus, 16-17 (16.9); 

 middle toe, 9-10.5 (9.8).'^ 



Northeastern United States sind southeastern British Provinces; 

 north to Newfoundland. soutluMii Labrador, Quebec, Ontario, and 

 southern Keewatin (Severn River); south, regularly, to about latitude 

 ^0^. in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, northern Indiana (south to 

 Tippecanoe, Carroll, and Wayne coiuities), northern Illinois, Iowa, 



«Much deeper in tone than tiuit of Kidgway'a Nomenclature of Colors. 

 ''Ten specimens. 



