BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



()7 



Adult female.--^henc^th (skins), 168-185 (174); wing, 110-121 (114.1); 

 tiiil, 59-70 (63.2); exposed culmen. ir)-12 (11); tarsus. 19-21.;. (20.8); 

 middle toe, 15-19 (17)." 



Circnmpolar. Northern parts of Northern Hemisphere, })reeding 

 in coniferous forests of the Boreal Life Zont;; southward in winter, 

 in North America (irregularly), to Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Ohio, 

 Indiana. Illinois, Kansas, Colorado, northern California, etc., casually 

 to Arizona (Fort Mojave); breeding from Keewatin (Fort Churchill) 

 and Athabasca (Thcitaga Lake) to Alaska. 



[ionms] gdrruluK LitiiiJF.vs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1,1758,95. — Scopoli, Benierk., ed. 

 Gunther, 1770, 18. 



[Ampelisl garruIxH Linn.eus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 297. — Gmelix, Syst. 

 Nat., i, 1788, 838.— Lath.\m, Index Orn., i, 1790, 868.— Coues, Key N. Am. 

 Birds, 1872, 115. 



A\_mpelis'] (/arruba^ Gray, Gen. Bird.s, i, 1846, 278; List Brit. Birds, 1868, 80. — 

 Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 108 (n. e. Illinois; irregular winter 

 visitor).— OinrES, Key N. Am. Bir.ls, 2d ed., 1884, .826.--Ridg\vay, Man. N. 

 Aiu. Birds, 1887, 464. 



[Aiiipeli><\gari'uJiis Bonai'Aktk, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 886. — Gray, Hand-list i, 1SH9, 

 365, no. 5565. 



Ampelis gairaluK Schlkhel, Vog. Nederl., 1854, pi. 121. — Suxdevai.l, Svensk. 

 Fogl., 1858, pi. 18, tig. 4.— Bauu), Rep. Pacitic; R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 317, 

 923; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 232.— Nevvtox, Ibis, 1861, 92-106, pi. 4 

 (nest and eggs; descr. nesting, etc.); ed. Yarrell's Hist. Brit. Birds, i; 1874, 

 528.— Cooper, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ii, 1861, 122 (Fort Mojave, 1 spec, Jan. 

 10, California); Orn. Cal., 1870, 127.— Allen, Proc. Essex Inst., iv, 1864, 66 

 (Springfield, Massachusetts; accidental). — McIlwraci'ii, Proc. Essex Inst., 

 V, 1866, 87 (Hamilton, Ontario). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1866, 



« Eighteen specimens. 



Specimens from, different geographic areas average, respectively, in measurements 

 as follows: 



I am not able to detect any constant difference in coloration between specimens 

 from North America and those from Europe and northeastern Asia, though the 

 torraer appear to have the color of tiie Hanks appreciably darker, at least as a rule. 

 A considerably larger series, especially of Pala?arctie specimens, would be nece.«.«!ary 

 for satisfactory comparison. 



