BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 177 



ditference usutilly equal to more than length of exposed ciilmen/' 

 sometimes'' eciual to length of tarsus), even, slightly rounded, or 

 slightly double-rounded, the reetriees rather narrow (decidedly so in 

 some species). Tarsus decidedly less to nuich more tha)i one-tliird as 

 long as wing, nnich longer than middle to(^ with claw, distinctly scutel- 

 late anteriorly; outer toe distinctly longer than inner, the latter (with- 

 out claAv) shorter than hallux (without claw), its claw not reaching to 

 base of middle claw. 



Coloration. — Above plain olive, olive-green, brown, or gray, the 

 head sometimes different in color from back (black in one species); 

 wing with or without whitish bands and edgings; beneath whitish, 

 3'ellowish, or yellow, one species with sides cinnamomeous. 



liange. — Temperate North America, Mexico, Central America (south 

 to Costa Rica), and Greater Antilles (Bahamas, Cuba, Grand Ca3"man, 

 Porto Rico, and Jamaica-). 



KEY TO TIIK SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF VIREO. 



a. ^Middle and greater wing-coverts very abruptly or sharply tipped with yellow or 

 whitish, forming two rather broad and verv distinct bands across wing. 

 h. Lores entirely white, in abrupt and conspicuous contrast with color of forehead. 

 c. Pileum and back brown; auricular region, sides of neck, and sides cinnamon. 



(Cozumel Island, Yucatan. ) Vireo -bairdi, adults ( p. ISO) 



cc. Pileum gray or black; back olive-green; auricular region gray or black, like 

 pileum; sides olive-green. (Kansas to northern ^Mexico.) 



Vireo atricapillus, a< hilts (]>. 181) 

 hb. Lores not entirely white. 



r. Lores distinctly different in color from forehead, at least the upi>er jiortioii 

 being yellow or whitish, abruptly contrasted with color of forehead. 

 d. Under parts bicolored, the median portion white, in distinct contrast with 

 olive-yellow of sides and flanks. ( Vireo noreboracensh. ) 

 e. Supraloral stripe and eyelids bright yellow; throat and chest white or 

 grayish white. 

 _/". Brighter colored, the uj^per jiarts distinctly olive-green, the sides and 

 flanks bright olive-yellow or sulphur yellow. (Eastern United States; 

 scjuth in winter through eastern ^Mexico to Yucatan, to Bahamas, 



Cuba, etc.) Vireo noveboracensis noveboracensis, adults (p. 183) 



ff. Duller or paler in color, the U])])er parts more or less grayish, the sides 

 and flanks pale olive-yellow. 

 g. Larger (adult male averaging, wing ;i7.4 or more, tail 49 or more, 

 exposed culmen 10 or more). 

 h. Intermediate in measurements and coloration between T'. /). )wrebo- 

 raccns-1.^ and T'. n. maiputnli; adult male averaging, wing 58.7, tail 

 49, exposed culmen 10, tarsus 20..T; adult female, wing 58.8, tail 

 46.7, exposed culmen 10.8, tarsus 20.3. (Bermudas.) 



Vireo noveboracensis bermndianas, adults (p. 185) 



« Nearly as long as tail (the difference much less than Icmrth of exposed culmen) 

 in 1'. guiidlacini and ]'. h>iporliri/seiis. 

 *In ]'. carmioli. 

 <" Also Old Providence Lsland, Caribl)ean Sea. 



10384— VOL 3—03 12 



