6 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ee. Middle toe (without claw) more than two-thirds as long as tarsus, or else 

 {Planesticus, part) the latter more than twice as long as exposed culmen; 

 wing more than three and a half (usually nearly four, sometimes nearly 

 five) times as long as tarsus; o lateral rectrices without broad (if any) 

 white tip, and no white on wing. 



/. Tail even or slightly rounded or double-rounded Planesticus (p. 90) 



jf. Tail distinctly emarginate Cossyphopsis (extralimital) & 



dd. -Not more than three primaries with outer web sinuated. 



e. Maxillary tomium distinctly notched subterminally; nasal fossse less 



extensively feathered, the nostrils entirely exposed; tenth (outermost) 



primary much shorter than primary coverts. 



/. Three primaries (eighth to sixth) with outer webs sinuated; sexes alike 



in color; no whitish or buffy band across basal portion of inner webs 



of remiges Tardus (p. 125) 



ff. Only two primaries (eighth and seventh) with outer webs sinuated; 

 sexes radically different in color; a broad band of white or buff across 



basal portion of inner webs of primaries Cichloselys (extralimital) c 



ee. Maxillary tomium without distinct, if any, subterminal notch; nasal fossae 

 extensively feathered, the nostrils partly concealed; tenth (outermost) 

 primary nearly as long as primary coverts. (Sexes different in color, 



both with wing "pattern," as in Cichloselys.) Ixoreus (p. 129) 



bb. Wing at least five times as long as tarsus; middle toe (without claw) at least 



three-fourths as long as tarsus, or else (Grandala) wing more than ten times as 



long as exposed culmen. 



c. Tail double-roundpd, the lateral rectrices not longer than middle pair; basal 



portion of primaries (both webs) and of inner webs of secondaries white; 



upper tail-coverts and tips of rectrices white; no blue. . . .Rid^wayia (p. 135) 



cc. Tail emarginate, the lateral rectrices longer than middle pair (usually longest) ; 



no white on wings nor tail; plumage partly blue. 



d. Middle toe (without claw) three-fourths as long as tarsus; tail more than 



three times as long as tarsus; wing-tip decidedly less than three-fourths as 



long as tail; adult females not streaked nor with white "pattern" on inner 



webs of remiges Sialia (p. 136) 



dd. Middle toe (without claw) only two-thirds as long as tarsus; tail not more 

 than three times as long as tarsus; wing-tip nearly, sometimes quite, 

 equal to three-fourths length of tail ; adult female conspicuously streaked 

 and with white " pattern " on remiges Grandala (extralimital) '^ 



"The wing is less than three and a half times as long as tarsus in P. jamaicensis, 

 P. nigrirostris , and P. rnfivenlris. 



bCossyphopsis Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, Feb. 13, 1883, 478. (Type 

 Turdus reevei Lawrence.) (Western Ecuador.) 



I am doubtful as to the validity of this supposed genus, since all the characters 

 originally ascribed to it, with the single exception of that given above, prove to be 

 shared by certain species of Planesticus. 



cCichloselys Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxviii, 1854, 5, 10. (Type, by elimination, 

 Turdus sibiriais Pallas. See Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xv, 1892, 317, footnote.) 



dGrandala Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xii, pt. 1, 1843, 447; xxiv, 1855, 577. 

 (Type, G. ccelicolor Hodgson.) 



This genus is exceedingly distinct from Sialia, with which Mr. Seebohm merged it. 

 (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., v, 1881, 327, 328.) The female, according to Mr. Seebohm's 

 ideas as to the paramount value of color characters in the Turdidse (see p. viii of the 

 volume cited) should go in his "genus" Geocichla! 



