BIRDS OF ISTORTH AND MIDDT.E AMERICA, 5 



j. Outermost (tenth) primary smaller and narrower, about one- 

 third as long as ninth; no bristly tips to frontal feathers; 

 rictal bristles weaker; basal portion of tail rufous ; adult males 



with blue on throat and chest Cyanosylvia (p. 14) 



jj. Outermost (tenth) primary larger and broader, nearly half as 

 long as ninth; bristle-like points to frontal feathers; rictal 

 bristles stronger; base of tail without rufous (sometimes 

 I^artly white): adult males with scarlet on throat. 



Calliope (extralimital) « 



ii. Tarsus much less than half as long as tail ; plumage plain brown 



above (more rufescent on tail), dull white below, becoming pale 



grayish or brownish on chest and sides; no superciliary stripe; 



sexes alike Luscinia (extralimital) ^ 



hh. Tail slightly emarginate, with rectrices narrow, slightly widening 

 terminally, the lateral pair with shafts curved, diverging ter- 

 minally in closed tail Erythacus (extralimital) c 



gg. Mandible broader basally, with gonys not longer than rami. 



h. Outermost (tenth) primary longer, decidedly (usually much) longer 

 than primary coverts; ninth primary shorter than fourth. 



Catharus (p. 18) 

 hh. Outermost (tenth) primary smaller, not longer (usually shorter) 

 than primary coverts; ninth primary longer than fifth. 



Hylocichla (p. 34) 



ee. Tail not longer than combined length of tarsus and basal phalanx of 



middle toe, the rectrices 10; wing much less than two and a half times 



as long as tarsus; outermost (tenth) primary not obvious (very minute) 



Zeledonia (p. 69) 



(hi. Bill larger and stouter, the exposed culmen more than half as long as tarsus; 

 wing more than 115 (usually more than 130) mm . . . Cichlherininia (p. 72) 

 cc. Middle toe (without claw) more than three-fifths as long as tarsus. 

 (I. Four primaries (eighth to fifth, inclusive,) with outer web sinuated. 

 e. Middle toe (without claw) less than two-thirds as long as tarsus, the latter 

 much less than twice as long as exposed culmen; wing much less than 

 three and a half times as long as tarsus; lateral rectrices broadly tipped 

 with white (at least inner web), or else a white patch on innermost 

 greater wing-coverts. 

 /. Tail decidedly longer than distance from bend of wing to end of second- 

 aries (very nearly, sometimes quite, as long as wing); eyelids naked; 

 tail more strongly rounded, the lateral rectrices extensively tipped 



with white on inner web; no white on wing Mimocichla (p. 78) 



ff. Tail not longer than distance from bend of wing to end of secondaries; 

 eyelids normally feathered; tail less strongly rounded (nearly even); 

 no white on rectrices, but wings with an elongated white patch involv- 

 ing outer web of two innermost greater coverts Haplocichla (p. 87) 



a Calliope Gould, Birds of Europe, ii, 183G, pi. 118. (Type, Turdus camtschatkensis 

 GmeYm^ Motacilla calliope Pallas.) Not Calliope Ogilvy, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1836 

 (pub. Sept., 1837), 138 (a genus of mammals). 



bLuscinia Forster, Synopt. Cat. Brit. Birds, 1817, 14. (Type, Sylvia luscinia Lin- 

 naeus.) 



cErythacus Cuvier, Le^-ons d'Anat. Comp., i, 1800, table 2. (Type, Motacilla ritbc- 

 cula Linnaeus. j 



