BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 99 



Eastern and northern North America; breeding; from the southern 

 Alleghenies (in western North Carolina, etc.), Pennsylvania, New 

 Jersey, the New England States, Ohio, central and northern Indiana 

 and Illinois, Iowa, etc., northward to the limit of tree growth in 

 Ungava (Fort Chimo) and northwestward to valley of Kowak River 

 in northwestern Alaska; westward nearly to the Rocky Mountains 

 (to the Pacific coast at Cook Inlet, Alaska) ; in winter southward to 

 southern Florida and along the Gulf coast to Texas (westward to Tom 

 Green and Concho counties) ; accidental or occasional in the Bermu- 

 das and Cuba; accidental in Europe (as escapes from captivity?). 



[Turdus] migratorius Linn.eus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 292 (leased on Turdus 

 pilaris migratorius Catesby, Carolina, i, 29, pi. 29; Turdus canadensis Brisson, 

 Orn., ii, 225).— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 811.— Lath.\m, Index Orn., i, 

 1790,330. — CouES, Key N.Am. Birds, 1872, 71, part. — ScL.\TERand S.vlvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 2, part (Cuba).— Sharpe, Hand-list, iv, 1903, 141. 



Turdus migratorius Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 5, pis. 60, 61. — Wilsox, 

 Am. Orn., i, 1808, 35, pi. 2, fig. 2. — Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 iv, 1824, 25; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 75; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 17; 

 Consp. Av., i, 1850, 272.— Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1831, 408.— Nuttall, Man. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 338.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 190; v, 

 1839, 442, pi. 131; Synopsis, 1839, 89; Birds Am., oct. ed., iii, 1841, 14, 

 pi. 142. — Temminck, Man. d'Orn., iii, 1835, 91. — Jardine, Contr. Orn., 1850, 

 67 (Bermudas, occasional). — ]\L«lximilian, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 178. — Baird, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 218, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 155, 

 part; Review Am. Birds, 1864, 28, part. — Martens, Journ. fur Orn., 1859, 

 213 (Bermuda). — Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 181 (Cuba). — Ball and 

 Bannister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 276 (Nulato, Fort Yukon, etc., 

 Alaska; habits).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 1, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 1; 

 Birds Northwest, 1874, 1, part (in synonymy); Birds Col. Val., 1878, 8, part; 

 in Elliott's Affairs in Alaska, 1875, 172 (Pribilof Islands, casual in October); 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 47 (descr. melanistic .specimen). — Baird, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, pi. 2, fig. 3; special ed., 

 1875 (?), pi. facing p. 25.— Mearns. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 33 (win- 

 tering in lower Hudson Valley, New York). — Lockwood, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, V, 1880, 46 (notice of a melanistic specimeri). — Seebohm, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Mus., V, 1881, 220, part.— Bicknell, Auk, i, 1884, 126 (song period). 



Turdus migratorius Forsteb, Philos. Trans., Ixii, 1772, 399 (Albany Fort and 

 Severn R., Hudson Bay). 



T[urdus] migratorius Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 4. — Coues, Key N. Am. 

 Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 244. 



Turdus migratorius, var. migratorius Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. X. 

 Am. Birds, i, 1874, 25, part. 



Turdus migratorius migratorius Goode, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 20, 1883, 348. 



Turdus megratorius Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1873, 32. 



Merula migratoria (not of Swainson, 1827) Swainson and Richardson, Fauna 

 Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 176.— Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 166; 

 Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 7; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 65.— McLenegan, Cruise 

 "Corwin," 1884, 113 (Kowak R., and Hotham Inlet, Alaska, breeding). — Tur- 

 ner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 235 (Fort Chimo, Ungava, breeding). — 

 American Ornithologlsts' LTnion, Check List, 1886, no. 761. — Cory, Auk, 

 iii, 1886, 3 (accidental in Cuba); Birds West Ind., 1889, 17 (do.).— Brewster, 



