BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 133 



Western North America; breeding; from northern Cahfornia 

 (Humboklt County) northward to the hmit of spruce forests in north- 

 ern Alaska (Kowak River) ,^ winterino; from Kadiak Island southward 

 to southern California (as far as Colorado River), and occurring dur- 

 ing migration in Montana (Coeur d'Alene Mountains) and straggling 

 eastward to Kansas (Finney County), New Jersey (Hoboken), New 

 York (Staten and Long islands), and Massachusetts (Ipswich). 



[Timlns] nan'ius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 817 (based on Sjwtled Thrush 

 Latham, Synopsis Birds, ii, pt. 1, 27, and Vaiied Thrush Pennant, Arctic 

 Zool., ii, 337, pi. 15).— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 331.— Gray, Hand-list, 

 i, 1869, 258, no. 3758.— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 72. 



Turdiisnsevius Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 10, pi. G6; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 

 Nat., XX, 1818, 289.— KiTTLiTZ, Kupfert., iii, 1833, 21, pi. 25, fig. 1.— BoxXA- 

 parte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 17; Consi^. Av., i,1850, 271. — Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., iv, 1838, 489; v, 1839, 284, pis. 369, 433; Synopsis, 1839, 89; 

 Birds Am., oct. ed., iii, 1841, 22, pi. 143.— Vigors, Zool. Voy. "Blossom," 

 1839, 17.— Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1846,- 113 (California); 

 .Tourn. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1847, 42.— Cabot, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., iii, 

 1848, 17 (New Jersey).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., v, 1852, 221 (New York); 

 viii, 1866, 281 (Long Island, New York).— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1857, 4, in text (crit. as to systematic position); 1859, 331 (monogr.); Cat.' 

 Am. Birds, 1862, 4 (California). — Newberry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 

 pt. iv, 1857, 81 (Cascade Mts. and Willamette Valley. Oregon). — Baird, Cat. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 156; in Ives' Rep. Col. R., v, 1861, 5 (Colorado R., 

 California); Review Am. Birds, 1864, 32. — Heermann, Rep. Pacific R. R. 

 Surv., x, pt. iv, 1859, 45 (California, winter). — Xantus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., xi, 1859, 190 (Fort Tejon, California). — Cooper and Suckley, Rep. 

 Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 172 (Port Townsend, Puget Sound, and 

 Bellingham Bay, Washington; Astoria, Oregon; breeding?). — ^Allen, Proc. 

 Essex Inst., v, 1864, 82 (New Jersey); Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 512, 513,' 572 

 (Ipswich, Massachusetts, Dec, 1864); White's Geology of Iowa, ii, 1870, 419 

 (Iowa). — Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 59 (Fort Franklin, fide Fauna Bor.-Am.). — 

 Lord, Proc. Roy. Art. Inst. W^oolw., iv, 1864, 114 (British Columbia). — 

 Brown, Ibis, 1868, 420 (Vancouver I. ). — Dall and Bannister, Trans. Chicago 

 Ac. Sci., 1,1869,276 (NulatoR., breeding; Sitka; Kadiak; Cook Inlet; Admi- 

 ralty Islands; habits). — Turnbull, Birds E. Penn. and New Jersey, 1869, 

 52; Phila. ed., p. 41 (New Jersey).— Cooper, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 31 (Coeur 

 d'Alene Mts., Montana); Orn. Cal., 1870, 10.— Dall, Am. Nat., iv, 1870, 600 

 (Yukon Valley, Alaska). — Maynard, Naturalists' Guide, 1870, 89 (Ipswich, 

 Massachusetts).— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 2; 2d ed., 1882, no. 5; Birds 

 Northwest, 1874, 1. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 

 1874, 29, pi. 2, fig. 2.— Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Sm-v., 1876, 

 226 (Walkers Basin, s. California, Nov. 5); 1877, 13, 15 (Carson City, Nevada, 

 spring). — Hartlaub, Journ. fiir Orn., 1883, 268 (Chilcoot, Alaska). — Scha- 

 Low, Journ. fur Orn., 1891, 252 (Sitka). 



T[urdus] nscvius Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1847, 219. — Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d 

 ed., 1884, 245. 



« The eastern breeding limit is unascertained, but probably includes the spruce 

 forests of the interior mountain districts, at least in British Columbia, possibly to north- 

 ern Idaho and Montana. 



