BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 149 



Adult male in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but the blue of pileum and dorsal region slightly 

 obscured by narrow brownish tips to the feathers, and that of chest 

 and breast by pale grayish brown tips. 



Immature male {in first winter f). — Similar to the adult male in w^in- 

 ter plumage, but the blue lighter and less violaceous and (except on 

 rum]:>, upper tail-coverts, rectrices, and remiges) duller, the feathers 

 of pileum and dorsal region more broadly tipped with grapsh brown; 

 chestnut of under parts rather lighter, the feathers with paler tips. 



Adult female in spring and summer. — Pileum, hindneck, back, and 

 scapulars plain gra^ash brown or dark brownish gray, sometimes 

 slightly tinged with blue; rump and lesser wing-coverts dull blue, the 

 former rather brighter, passing into bright blue (azure or cobalt) on 

 upper tail-coverts and tail; middle and greater wing-coverts and ter- 

 tials dusky grayish brown, edged with paler brownish gray or bluish; 

 secondaries (except tertials) dull bluish, the primaries lighter and 

 brighter blue narrowly edged with whitish, the outermost broadly 

 edged with white; sides of head, throat, median portion of upper 

 chest, and median portion of breast light brownish gray or grayish 

 brown (sometimes faintly tinged with blue), passing into paler 

 brownish gray or dull grayish or brownish white on chin; sides of 

 chest and breast and more or less of sides dull cinnamon-rufous or 

 chestnut-cinnamon; abdomen and flanks pale gra^ash brown or 

 brownish gray; under tail-coverts pale dull grayish blue, edged with, 

 pale brownish gray, usually with a dusky mesial streak or shaft- 

 streak; axillars and under wing-coverts dull grayish blue or bluish 

 gray ; bill, iris, and feet as in male. 



Adult female in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and sum- 

 mer plumage, but brighter in color, the pileum and dorsal region 

 decidedly bluish, and rudd}^ brown of under parts more chestnut. 



Young male. — Pileum, hindneck, back, and scapulars plain deep 

 sooty gray, the dorsal region sometimes more soot}^ brownish; rump, 

 upper tail-coverts, and lesser and middle wing-coverts plain dull slate 

 color; chin pale gray or grayish white; throat and sides of head and 

 neck plain brownish gray or sooty gray, slightly paler than color of 

 pileum; chest, sides of breast, and more or less of sides dark sooty 

 brown or warm-sepia, more or less streaked with whitish; abdomen 

 light gray, paler centrally; under tail-coverts liarred or transversely 

 spotted with grayish white and sooty gra}'; greater wing-coverts, 

 remiges, and rectrices as in adult females, but the blue brighter 

 (more ultramarine), and tertials margined with pale grayish brown. 



Young female. — Similar to the young male, but color of pileinn and 

 dorsal region lighter and more brownish, the interscapular area 

 streaked with white; general color of under parts paler, the chest, 

 breast, and sides much more broadly streaked with white; under tail- 

 coverts pale grayish with paler mesial streaks, but without darker 



