,BIRDS OP NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 295 



Dixon, Ibis, 1885, 83 (St. Kildaj.— Reid, Ibis, 1885, 246 (Morocco).— Amer- 

 ican Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 473. — Diitcher, Auk, v, 

 1888, 180 (Flatbush, etc.. Long Island, breeding).— Sh.mipe, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Mus., xiii, 1890, 567, part. — Koenig, Journ. fiir Orn., 1890, 403 (Canary 

 Islands). — Proctor, Auk, xii, 1895, 390 (Flatbush, Long Island, breeding). — 

 Braislin, Auk, xvi, 1899, 191 (firmly established on Long Island). — Hen- 

 .SHAw, Birds Hawaiian Islands, 1902, 132 (successfully introduced on Oahu 

 and Maui). 



A[lauda] nrvensis Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1847, 380. — Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 

 123 (Germany). — Heuglin, Journ. fur Orn., 1868, 223 (n. e. Africa). — Coues, 

 Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 283; 5th ed., i, 1903, 508.— Ridgway, Man. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1887, 347. 



Alauda arvensis arvensis Schalow, Vogel der Arktis, 1904, 237 (Greenland). 



[Alauda] italica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 793 (based on Italian Lark Latham, 

 Gen. Synop., ii, pt. 2,373). 



Alauda arvensis ruficeps Bechstein, Naturg. Deutschl., iv, 1795, 121. 



Alauda vulgaris Leach, Syst. Cat. Mam., etc., Brit. Mus., 1816, 21. 



Alauda agrestis Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 318. 



Alauda segetum Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 319. 



Alauda montana Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 319. 



[Alauda] montana Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 118, no. 7758. 



j'dauda subalpina Ehmeke, Journ. fiir Orn., 1903, 150. 



Alauda scotica Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., xii, 1903, 1G2. 



Alauda sordida Ehmeke, Ann. Mus. Hung., 1904, 300. 

 I cite these names as synonyms of A. arvensis on the authority of R. B. Sharpe, E. 

 Hartert, and others without committing myself further as to the question of whether 

 they do or do not designate definable local forms, material necessary to form an opin- 

 ion respecting their claims to recognition not being available. (See Bianchi, Ann. 

 Mus. Zool. St. Petersb., ix, 1904, pp. xx-xxxi; Hartert, Fauna Pal. Region, i, 1905, 243.) 



Genus OTOCORIS Bonaparte. 



EremopUla (not Eremophilus Humboldt, 1805) Boie, Isis, 1828, 322. (Type, 



Alauda alpcstris Linnaeus.) 

 Phileremos (not of Latreille, 1809) Brehm, Handb. Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 312. 



(Type, Alauda alpestris Linnaeus.) 

 Brachonyx (not of Swainson, 1827, nor Schonhen, 1826) Lesson, Compl. de Buffon, 



viii, 1837, 126. (Type, .) 



Otororis Bonaparte, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, ii, 1838, 407. (Type, Alauda 



cornuta Wilson,:= A. alpestris Linnaeus.) 

 Otocornis (emendation) Rijppell, Syst. Ueb., Vog. Nord-Ost. Afr., 1845, 78. 

 Otocorys (emendation) Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 121. 

 Otocoryx (emendation) Lichtenstein, Nom. Av. Mus. Berol., 1854, .38. 

 Philammus Gray, List. Gen. Birds, 1840, 47. (Type, Alauda alpestris Linnaeus.) 



Alaudidie with horn-like tufts on each side of occiput, middle toe 

 (without claw) not longer than exposed culmen, hallux not longer 

 than lateral toes, no obvious spurious primary, tail slightly emarginate 

 or nearly even, and coloration of adults mostly unstreaked (more or 

 less pinkish, vinaceous or cinnamomeous above), with black on fore 

 part of croAvai, sides of head, and chest (these areas dusky, more or 

 less streaked in females.) 



