292 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



the cliest streaked with dusky. Crowii with a blunt erectile crest. 

 Sexes alike. Young spotted above instead of streaked, the feathers 

 with conspicuous terminal margins of whitish; the general color of 

 upper parts more tawny than in adults; tertials broadly margined 

 with buff, or brownish buff, surrounding a submargin of dusky brown 

 or dull blackish; chest buffy or ochraceous-buffy, more or less dis- 

 tinctly streaked or spotted with brown or dusky. 



Nidification. — Nest on ground, in grain fields, pastures, or other 

 open places, open above, composed of dried grasses, etc. Eggs (of 

 A. arvensis) dull buffy whitish to pale grayish brown, thickly speckled 

 with brown, 



Range. — Europe, northern Africa, and Asia, including Formosa 

 and Philippine Islands. (Three species, with additional subspecies; 

 one species introduced into and sparingly naturalized in northeastern 

 United States.) 



ALAUDA ARVENSIS ARVENSIS (Linn^us).a 



Adults (sexes alike) in spring and summer. — Above wood brown 

 or isabella color, everywhere (except on wings and tail) streaked 

 with blackish, the streaks broadest on crown, back, and rump, where 

 margined with deeper brown, some of the interscapulars and scapu- 

 lars with inner webs paler than the general color; lesser w4ng-co verts 

 nearly uniform wood brown or isabella color; middle coverts dusky 

 centrally, otherwise brown passing on margins into pale buffy brown 

 or dull brownish white; greater coverts with concealed portion 



a Alauda arvensis in its larger sense has a very wide range, and in different geographic 

 areas of the region which it inhabits is differentiated into several more or less distinct 

 subspecific forms. Dr. Hartert, in his Vogel der Paldarkiischen Fauna (iii, 1905, 

 244-248) recognizes seven of these geographic forms, as follows: (1) Alauda arvensis 

 arvensis Linnaeus, of western, central, and northern Europe; (2) Alauda arvensis can- 

 tarella (Bonaparte) of southern Europe; (3) Alauda arvensis cinerea (Ehmeke), of west- 

 ern Siberia, Turkestan, etc.; (4) Alauda arvensis harterti Whitaker, of northern Africa; 

 (5) Alauda arvensis -pekinensis (Swinhoe), of Kamchatka, northeastern Siberia, etc.; 

 (G) Alauda arvensis japonica (Temminck and Schlegel), of Japan; and (7) Alauda arven- 

 sis intermedia (Swinhoe), of Korea, Manchuria, and middle Siberia. In addition to 

 A. a. arvensis, which has substantial claims to a place in a work on American birds, it 

 is possible that A. a. pekinensis may also yet be included in our fauna, since a part of 

 its range is so nearly contiguous to American territory in the Aleutian Islands. The 

 characters and synonymy of this form are as follows: 



Alauda a7-vensis pekinensis (Swinhoe). — Similar to A. a. arvensis, but slightly larger 

 (especially the wing) and coloration brighter, the tawny suffusion more pronounced 

 and black spots averaging larger. 



Northeastern Asia, from Kamchatka (including Commander Islands) and north- 

 eastern Siberia to Sakhalin Island, Kuril Islands and northern Yesso, in winter to Japan 

 and northern China (Peking). 



Alauda coslipeta Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat., i, 182G, 524, part. — Alauda pekinensis 



