BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 298 



dusky, passing toward edges through brown to pale brownish buil", 

 the secondaries similarly colored but the three innermost (tertials) 

 with greater part of exposed ])ortion dusky grayish brown; primaries 

 dusky edged with pale bufTy brown or brownish buff, the outermost 

 with outer web almost entirely pale buify; middle pair of rectrices 

 dusky medially, otherwise brown with paler margins; next pair 

 similar in color but darker; other rectrices dusky, the outermost 

 with most of outer web and portion of inner web next to shaft (except 

 basally) dull white, the next rectrix with outer web edged with 

 white; a broad but not sharply defined superciliary stripe of pale 

 brownish buff or dull brownish white; auricular region brown, indis- 

 tinctly streaked with darker; lores dull whitish; malar region similar 

 in color to auricular region but paler and more distinctly streaked; 

 under parts dull buffy white, strongly tinged on chest, sides and 

 flanks with tawny buff, the last two narrowly and rather indistinctly 

 streaked with darker, the first more broadly and very distinctly and 

 sharply streaked with brownish black; axillars and under wing-coverts 

 pale wood brown or grayish vinaceous; bill pale brownish buffy 

 (grayish or filaceous in life?) becoming darker or dusky on culmen; 

 iris brown; legs and feet brownish (in dried skins). 



Adults in autumn and winter. — Similar to the spring and summer 

 plumage but the general color above more tawny brown, feathers of 

 pileum, back, scapulars, and rump more or less distinctly margined 

 terminally with whitish or pale buffy,*^ and dusky streaks on chest 

 less sharply defined. 



Young. — ''Upper plumage sandy, tinged with buff, the center of 

 the feathers dark brown with a very broad edging of sandy color, 



Rwinhoe' Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, 69 (Peking, n. China). — Alauda arvensis pe- 

 kinensis Hartert, Vog. Palilarkt. Fauna, iii, June, 1905, 248. — Alauda arvensis (not of 

 Linnseus) Kitllitz, Denkw., ii, 1858, 198; Homeyer, Journ. fur Ofn., 1869, 52, 171 

 (e. Siberia); Taczanowski, Journ, fur Orn., 1872, 454 (e. Siberia); 1873, 86 (do); Bull. 

 Soc. Zool. France, 1882, 389; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1887, 603 (Seoul, Korea, 

 Mar., Apr.); 1888, 464 (Korea, resident); Dybowski, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 

 1883, 361; Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiii, 1890, 567, -part; Pogge, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1902, 376 (n. e. China); Walton, Ibis, 1903, 30 (Peking, n. Chma).— Alauda 

 cantarella (not of Bonaparte) Blakiston and Pryer, Trans. Asiat. Soc. Japan, x, 1882, 



166.— ylZauda • ? Blakiston, Amend. List Birds Japan, 1884, 59. — Alauda, sp. 



Stejneger, Naturen, 1884, 5. — Alauda blahistoni Stejneger, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., ii, 

 Apr. 10, 1884, 98 (Bering I., Kamchatka; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Bull. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., no. 29, 1885, 234; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 142 (Bering I.); xv, 1892, 303 

 (Hakodate, Japan; crit., measurements, etc.); xxi, 1898, 287 (Kuril Islands). — 

 A[lauda] blakistoni Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 347. — [Alauda arvensis] e. 

 Alauda bhd-istoni Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiii, 1890,575, in list of specimens 

 .(Kamchatka; Askold I.; Euturup," Kuril Islands). 



« Perfectly adult liirds in winter plumage have these pale margins less distinct than 

 younger birds; in fact, some specimens taken in February are without them and are 

 hardly, if at all, distinguishable from spring and summer specimens. Some winter 

 specimens have the dull whitish color of abdomen, etc., slightly tinged with yellow. 



