BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 333 



Genus OXYRUNCUS Temminck. 



Oxyninais Temminck, Anal, du Sysl. gen. d'Orn., in Man. d'Orn., eel. 2, i, 1820, 

 p. Ixxx. (No type specified, but undoubtedly intended to be O.ryrhynchus 

 Jlavimiceps Temminck = Oxyrhyncus cristatiis Swainson.) 



Oxijrhyncus (emendation) Swainson, Zool. Illustr., ser. 1, i, no. 9, June, bS2i, pi. 

 49 and text. 



Oxyrhynchns (emendation; not of Leach, 1816) Tkmminck, PI. Col., livr. 21, April, 

 1822. pi. 125. 



OxyrhaDiphus (emendation) Strickland, Ann. Nat. Hist., vi. 1841, 420. 



Oxyraniphus (emendation) Bonaparte, Consp. Av.. i, 1850. 211. 



Bill shorter than head, straight, wedge-shaped, acute and not at 

 all uncinate at tip, the outlines all nearly straight; gonys decidedly 

 longer than mandibular rami, the latter rather widely divergent 

 basally, with lower lateral outline declinate basally, where forming an 

 acute angle. Nostrils wholly exposed, narrcnvly oval or nearly linear, 

 overhung by a very broad operculum. Rictal l^ristles weak, those of 

 chin rather more strongly developed. Wing moderate, with nearly 

 truncate tip, the seventh, eighth, and ninth primaries longest, the 

 sixth and tenth shorter and nearly equal;" longest primaries exceed- 

 ing secondaries by more than length of exposed culmen. Tail 

 decidedly sliorter than wing to end of secondaries, slightly emargi- 

 nate or tlouble-rounded, or even. Tarsus stout, longer than bill, 

 decidedly longer than middle toe with claw, its envelope typically 

 exaspidean; toes stout, the outer nearly as long as the middle one. 

 the inner decidedly shorter, the basal phalanx of middle toe wholly 

 coherent with outer toe and for more than half its length to inner toe; 

 hallux much larger and stronger than lateral toes; claws strongly 

 curved, sharp, rather broad. 



Coloration. — Above olive-green with paler wing-edgings, the pileum 

 spotted with black and with a median longitudinal patch of narrow, 

 elongated dull scarlet or orange-red feathers; beneath pale yellowish 

 or whitish, with bars and triangular spots of black. (Sexes alike in 

 color.) 



Nidification . — (Unkno wn . ) 



Range. — Costa Rica to southeastern Brazil. (Monotypic?) 



KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF OXYRUNCUS CRISTATUS. 



a. Under parts light yellow, paler (sometimes white on throat i. 



b. Larger wing-coverts indistinctly margined with light yellowish olive, the sec- 

 ondaries narrowly edged terminally with light yellow or yellowish olive: tail 

 relatively longer (wing 92-94, tail 62-63). (Southeastern Brazil.) 



Oxyruncus cristatus cristatus (extralimilalj '' 



a The alleged serration of the outermost primary has been mentioned as a diagnostic 

 feature, but I find this to be very indistinct in all specimens examined. 



b Oxyrhyncus cristatus Swainson, Zool. Illustr., ser. 1, i, no. 9, June, 1821, pi. 49 and 

 text (Brazil). — Oxyrhynchus flammiceps Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 21, Apr., 1822, pi. 

 125 and text (Brazil; coll. Paris Mus.); Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, IGO.— Of.ci/- 

 rhamphus] Jlammiceps Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1841, 23. — Oxyrhamphus Jlammiceps 

 Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiv, 1888, 281. — Oxyrhynchus serratus Mikan, Del. 

 Flor. et Faun. Bras., Ease. 3, 1823, with fig. 



