BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 331 



gg. Bill stout, conical (finch-like), with serrated tomia; head with- 

 out crest; outermost primary not attenuated, and inner 

 secondaries neither abnormally broad n(ir truncated. 



Phytotomidse (extralimital)« 

 ee. Rectrics 10; bill subulate, acute; tarsal envelope fused. 



Xenicidae (extralimital) f> 

 dd. Intrinsic muscles peculiarly expanded at lower insertion, not attached to 

 lironchial semirings, which are peculiarly modified; tongue penicillate. 



Philepittidae (extralimital) c 

 cc. Temporal fossa' extending across occipital region of skull, the two of opposite 



sides nearly meeting on median line Pittidse (extralimital) '' 



aa. Syrinx tracheal. {Trachcophonx.)e 



h. One pair of tracheo-bronchial muscles; tarsal envelope exaspidean or taxas- 



pidean; metasternum 4-notched (except in Formicariidse). 



c. Metasternum 4-notched; tensor patagii brevis quasi-picarian; naras holorhinal. 



d. Tarsal envelope exaspidean; no intrinsic muscles; sterno-trachealis not 



attached to processus vocales ; palate schizognathous : mesorhinium normal ', 



nostrils not conspicuously operculate Conopophagidae (extralimital V/ 



dd. Tarsal envelope taxaspidean; intrinsic muscles present; sterno-trachealis 

 attached to processus vocales; palate legithognathous (oscinine); meso- 

 rhinium compressed and arched, or expanded into a flattened oval 



shield; nostrils conspicuously operculate Pteroptochidse 



cc. Metasternum 2-notched; tensor patagii brevis normally passerine; nares 



schizorhinal .Formicariidae 



66. Two pairs of tracheo-bronchial muscles; tarsal envelope endaspidean; meta- 

 sternum 2-notched. 



a Phytotominse. Swainson — Phytotomidse Cabanisand Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, Oct. 1859, 

 111. (Represented by a single genus, Phytotoma ^lolina, peculiar to southern 

 South America.) 



b Xenicidx Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 569. — Acanihidosittidse Newton, 

 Diet. Birds, Part iv, 1896, 1055, in text. (Represented by two genera, Xcnicus Gray 

 and Ac.anthisitta Lafresnaye, l)oth peculiar to New .Zealand.) See Pycraft, Ibis, Oct., 

 1905, 603-621, pi. 13, where the possibly nearer relationship of this group to the 

 Furnariidis is suggested. 



cPhilepittinx Sharpe,Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 397. — Paictinie Sundevall, Met. 

 Nat. Av. Disp. Tent., 1873, 2d7 .—Paictidse Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, 330, 

 in text. — Philepittidse Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, 331. (Consisting of a sin- 

 gle genus, Philepitta Geoffroy St. Hilaire, peculiar to Madagascar.) 



dPittidse Bonaparte. (An exclusively Old World group, consisting of about four 

 genera and nearly seventy species and subspecies, found only in the Ethiopian, 

 Indo-Malayan and Australian regions. They are short-tailed, long-legged terrestrial 

 Mesomyodian Passeres, much resembling in form and general habits certain terrestrial 

 Formicariidse (especially of the genera Formicarius, Chamaeza, and Grallaria\ but 

 imlike the latter are, as a rule, very brilliantly colored. 



e Trachcophones Miiller (Johannes), Abh. K. Akad. Berlin, Phys. Kl., 1847, 367. 

 ( Trachcophonx and Tracheophoni of more recent authors.) — Formicaroddex Stejneger, 

 Standard Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 4G0, 476. 



/Conopophaginx (subfamily of Tyrannidse) Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 

 1873,41; Gadow, Bronn's Thier-Reich, Vogel, ii, 1891, 277.— Conopophagidx Garrod. 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 452; Stejneger, Standard Nat. Hist., iv. 1885, 476; Cope, 

 Am. Nat., xxiii, 1889, 873. (A small group of about sixteen species and two geneni. 

 Conopophaga Vieillot and C'orythopis Sundevall, peculiar to South America.) 



