282 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



much more extensive, the whole head and throat being thus spotted, 

 and the spots almost confluent on the abdomen. 



Young in first ]>lumage. — Above plain grayish brown (hair brown), 

 with narrow whitish margins to larger wing-coverts, remiges, and rec- 

 trices; beneath similar, but paler, with the chin and upper throat 

 whitish, and the abdomen broadly streaked with white. 



Adult /wrtif^.— Length (skins), 190-224 (201); wing, 125.2-131.8 

 (129); tail, 62.2-64.8 (63.5); exposed cul men, 25.4-25.9 (25.6) ; depth 

 of bill at base (two specimens), 9.1; tarsus, 29.7-30 (29.9); middle 

 toe, 22.1-24.1 (22.9)." 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 181-200 (193); wing, 124.7-127.5 

 (125.7); tail, 56.6-62.2 (59.2); exposed culmen, 23.1-26.4 (24.6); 

 depth of bill at base (one specimen), 9.9; tarsus, 27.9-29.7 (29); 

 middle toe, 21.3-22.9 (22. 1).'' 



Western and central Europe; accidental in Greenland; introduced 

 into and partly naturalized in the eastern United States (vicinity of 

 New York City, etc.). 



[Slurnus] vulgaris Linn.eus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 167; eS.! 2, i, 1766, 290.— 

 Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 801.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 321.— Gray, 

 Hand-list, ii, 1870, 21, no. 630G. 



Sturnus vulgaris TEUMitiCKjM'Mi. d'Orn., i, 1820,132. — Naumann, Vog. Deutschl., 

 li, 1822, 187, pi. 62; Vog. Deutschl., Anhang, 1860, pi. 351, fig. 2.— Rowe, 

 Orn. Prov., 1825, pi. 128.— Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., i, 1826, 418, part.— 

 Werner, Atl., Omnivores, 1827, pi. 19. — Gould, Birds Europe, iii, 1837, pi. 

 210; Birds Gt. Brit., iii, 1868, pis. 55, 54 (adult), pi. 74 (young).— Bona- 

 parte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 28. — Schlegel and Susem, Vog. Eur., 

 1840, pi. 20.— KEYSERLiNGand BlasiXjs, Wirb.Eur., 1840, 170.— Yarrell, 

 Hist. Brit. Birds, ii, 1843, 43; ed. 3, ii, 1856, 44.— Schlegel, Rev. Crit., 1844, 

 p. Ivii; Vog. Nederl., 1859, 284, pi. 145; Dier. NederL, Vog., 1861, pi. 14, 

 fig. 5. — Kjaerbolling, Danm. Fugle, 1852, pi. 12, fig. 4; Suppl., 1858, pi. 5, 

 figs. 1, 2. — Reinhardt, Journ. fiir Orn.. 1854, 425, 439 (Greenland); Ibis, 

 1861, 7 (do.).— SuNDEVALL, Sv. Fogl., 1856, pi. 18, figs. 5, 6.— Gray, List 

 Brit. Birds, 1863, 91.— Degland and Gerbe, Orn. Eur., i, 1867, 233.— 

 Keulemans, Onze Vog., i, 1869, pi. 29.— Fritsch, Vog. Eur., 1870, pi. 27, 

 figs. 1, 3. — Harting, Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 30. — Stejneger, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1873, .304 (Norway).— Dresser, Birds Europe, iv, 1874, pis. 246, 247.— 

 Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 229, pi. 35, 

 fig. 8. — Newton, Man. Nat. Hist. Greenl., 1875, 99 (Greenland, Ispec); ed. 

 Yarrell's Hist. Brit. Birds, ii, 1877, 228.— Dubois, Vertebr. Fauna Belg., Ois., 

 1878, pi. 66.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881. no. 279.— Coues, Check 

 List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 363.— Cabanis, Journ. fur Orn., 1882, 233 (Labrador; 

 Greenland). — British Ornithologists' Union, List Brit. Birds, 1883, 65. — 

 Seebohm, Hist. Brit. Birds, ii, 1884, 12.— Dixon, Ibis, 1885, 82 (St. Kilda, 

 breeding; habits). — Reid, Ibis, 1885, 245 (Morocco). — American Ornitholo- 

 gists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 493.— Koenig, Journ. fiir Orn., 1890, 354 

 (Canary Islands). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiii, 1890, 27. — Blagg, 

 Ibis, 1893, 352 (Shetland Islands, breeding).— Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1895, 427.— Knight, Bull. No. 3, Univ. Maine, 1897, 85 (Calais, 



«Five specimens. 6 Three specimens. 



