BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 453 



abriiptly decurved terminally, the tip of maxilla moderately and 

 rather finely uncinate; gonys longer than mandibular rami, slightly 

 convex, ascending terminally; maxillary tomium straight, distinctly 

 notched subterminally. Nostril exposed, longitudinally broadly oval, 

 with more or less distinct though never broad superior membrane, and 

 inclosing a large and very distinct internal oblique shelf or flange. 

 Rictal bristles obvious but small and weak, the feathers of chin and 

 frontal antia? with distinct bristle-like points. Wing rather long, 

 the longest primaries exceeding secondaries by about (slightly more 

 or less than) exposed culmen; sixth and seventh, or sixth, seventh, 

 and eighth primaries longest, ninth equal to or longer than fifth (its 

 shape normal), the tenth (outermost) equal to third or fourth. Tail 

 much more than tliree-fourths as long as wing, even, the rectrices 

 rather broad. Tarsus slightly more to decidedly less than one-fourth 

 as long as wing, rather stout, its scutella sometimes distinct, some- 

 times fused, ty]3ically exaspidean; middle toe, without claw, much 

 more than half as long as tarsus, its basal phalanx imited to outer 

 toe for whole or much the greater part of its length, to inner toe for 

 about half its length; outer toe, without claw, reaching to or beyond 

 middle of subterminal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe decidedly 

 shorter; hallux about as long as inner toe but much stouter, its claw 

 shorter than the digit; all the claws rather large, moderately curved, 

 sharp, and compressed. 



Coloration. — Above plain olive-green, the pileum and hindneck 

 (in one species upper back also) sometimes slate- gray; under parts 

 pale cinnamon or ocher-yellowish posteriorly, grayish or light greenish 

 olive anteriorly. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to Guiana, Ecuador, southeastern Bra- 

 zil, and Argentina. (Five species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PIPROMORPHA. 



a. Back olive-green, like rump, etc., the pileum and hindneck also olive-green or 

 else )jut slightly more grayish than back. 

 h. Pileum and hindneck olive-green, concolor with l)ack, etc., under parts of body 

 light wax yellow or buffy naples yellow to gallstone yellow or ocIku- yellow, 

 changing gradually into ochraceous-olive on throat (the chin and upper throat 

 sometimes grayish). 

 c. Chin and upper throat grayish, passing into ochraceous-olive on chest, this 

 into light wax yellow or buffy naples yellow on abdomen, etc.; middle and 

 greater wing-coverts without distinct, if any, buffy or ochraceous tip; upper 

 tail-coverts olive-green, like Ijack, etc. ; ])ill and feet I'elatively larger. \Pip- 

 romorpha assimilis.) 

 d. Larger (male averaging wing 67.9, tail 53.6; female, wing 65, tail 52.3); olive- 

 green of upper parts duller, under parts of body more buffy yellowish. 



(Southern Mexico to Honduras) Pipromorpha assimilis assimilis (p. 454) 



dd. Smaller (male averaging wing 63.8, tail 48.2; female, wing 60. tail 45.3); olive- 

 green of upper parts brighter, under parts of b(»dy more wax-yellowish. 

 (Nicaragua to Panama.) Pipromorpha assimilis dyscola (p. 455) 



