472 BULLETIN no, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



uncinate; gonys mucli longer than mandibular rami, faintly convex; 

 maxillary tomium straight, minutely but distinctly notched sub- 

 terminally. Nostril partly exposed, longitudinally oval, nonoper- 

 culate. Eictal bristles moderately to rather strongly developed; 

 feathers of chin and frontal antise with very distinct bristly points, 

 and malar antia3 with distinct antrorse, semierect setae. Wing mod- 

 erate to rather long, the longest primaries exceeding distal secondaries 

 by at least length of middle toe without claw, sometimes (in P. mexi- 

 canus) by much more than length of tarsus; seventh, eighth and 

 ninth primaries longest and about equal, tenth (outermost) equal to 

 fourth or fifth or intermediate between fifth and sixth. Tail not 

 longer (usually a little shorter) than distance from bend of wing to 

 end of distal secondaries, less than three-fourths to four-fifths as long 

 as wing, even or slightly rounded, the rectrices with broadly rounded 

 tip. Tarsus less than one-fifth (P. mexicanus) to much more than 

 one-fourth (P. nanus) as long as wing, slightly to decidedly longer 

 than middle toe with claw, slender, its scutellation typically exas- 

 pidean, but sometimes with a separate series of longitudinally hexago- 

 nal scutella along upper posterior margin of outer side of tarsus; 

 middle toe, without claw, decidedly more than half as long as tarsus, 

 its basal phalanx united to outer toe for at least half its length, to 

 inner toe for nearly the same distance; outer toe, without claw, reach- 

 ing to or beyond middle of subterminal phalanx of middle toe, the 

 inner toe slightly to decidedly shorter; hallux much shorter than 

 inner toe, slightly stouter, its claw shorter but sometimes nearly as 

 long as the digit; all the claws rather large, moderately curved, sharp. 



Coloration. — Adult males with whole of bushy-crested pileum and 

 entire under parts bright red (varying from scarlet to pinkish red or 

 orange), loral and auricular regions and upper parts plain grayish 

 l)rown (more or less dark) ; adult females wdth pileum grayish brown, 

 like rest of upper parts, under parts whitish tinged with red or orange 

 posteriorly and more or less streaked on breast with grayish; young 

 with feathers of upper parts margined with whitish. (One form, 

 believed to be a melanistic phase of P. rulmius Jieterurus, is entirely 

 plain grayisli Ih'owii in both sexes.) 



Nidijication. — Nest shallowly cup-shaped, composed of small twigs 

 and various soft materials compactly felted together, usually orna- 

 mented exteriorly with small lichens, usually saddled upon a horizon- 

 tal branch of a small tree. Eggs cream color (more or less deep) 

 heavily sjiotted aroimd larger end with dark brown, lilac-gray, etc. 



Range. — Southwestern border of United States (southern Texas to 

 Arizona) and southward through Mexico to Guatemala and British 

 Honduras; reappearing in South America, where distril)uted from 

 Colombia to Peru, Guiana, Brazil, and Argentena, and in Galapagos 

 Archipelago. (About five species.) 



