BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 471 



Capsiempis Jlaveola Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 214 (Brazil); Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Mus., xiv, 1888, 120, part (Chiriqui, Panama; Bogota; Cayenne; Mexiana, 

 lower Amazons; Bahia, Brazil; Bolivia). — Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., ii. Abth., 

 1869, 104; iv. Abth., 1870, 424.— Cabanis, Jom-n. fur Orn., 1874, 88 (Cantogallo, 

 s. Brazil).— Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 306- (Brazil).— Salvin and 

 GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1888, 28. — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mils., xvi, 1893, 505 (Greytownand Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits; descr. 

 nest and young). — Koenigswald, Journ. fiir Orn., 1896, 357 (Sao Paulo, 

 Brazil). — Ihering, Aves de S. Paulo, 1899, 190 (Ypanema, Brazil); Rev. 

 Mus. Paul., iv, 1900, 155 (Cantagallo and Novo Friborgo, S. Paulo). — Bangs, 

 Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 21 (Loma del Leon, Panama).— Ber- 

 LEPSCH and H.artert, Novit. Zool., ix, 1902, 41 (Caicara, Capuchin, Maipure, 

 Altagracia, and La Pricion, Venezuela). — Thayer and B.\nos, Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., xlvi, 1906, 218 (Sabana de Panama). 



[Capsiempis] Jlaveola Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 47. — Sh.\rpe, 

 Hand-list, iii, 1901, U7. 



[Elainia] flareola Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 355, no. 5394. 



Capsiempis Jlavicola Lantz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci. for 1896-7 0899), 223 (San 

 Juan, Costa Rica). 



Platyrhynchus Jlaviventris Spix, Av. Bras., ii, 1825, 12, pi. 15, fig. 1. 



Tyrannula modesta Swainson, Ornithological Drawings, pt. iv, 1836?, pi. 48. 



Elainea semiflava L.vwrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., viii, Oct., 1865 (pub. 

 1867), 178 (David, Panama; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.), 182 (Greytown, Nicara- 

 gua).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc.Lond., 1867, 147 (David, Panama); Ibis, 1874, 

 309 (crit.). 



[Elainia] semiflara Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 352, no. 5334. 



Genus PYROCEPHALUS Gould. 



Pyrocephalus Gould, Zool. Voy. " Beagle," iii, July, 1839, 44. (Types, ' 'Pyroceph- 

 alus parvirostris (Gould) and Muscicapa coronata (Auct.) " = Musdcapa rubinus 

 Boddaert.) 



Small Tyrannida^ (wing about 52-85 mm.) with the sexes very 

 differently colored, adult males having the whole pileum and under- 

 parts bright scarlet or orange, adult females with under parts more 

 or less pale red or orange posteriorly and streaked on breast with 

 grayish, young with upper parts squamated with whitish." 



Bill shorter than head, moderately broad and depressed basally, 

 its width at anterior end of nostrils equal to not more than half the 

 length of exposed cidmen and less than twice its depth at same point, 

 wedge-shaped in vertical profile, its lateral outlines nearly straight, 

 the tip but very slightly if at all constricted; exposed culmen longer 

 than middle toe without claw, distinctly ridged, straight to near tip 

 where rather gradually decurved, the tip of maxilla moderately 



"A form of western Peru (P. obscurus Gould) which seems to be a melani.sm of P. 

 rubinus (Boddaert) but which some authorities consider a distinct species, is, in both 

 sexes, wholly deep grayi.sh brown, the only sexual difference being that the males 

 are somewhat darker and more or less tingeil with a reddish hue, sometimes with touches 

 of bright red. 



