608 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Bill slightly shorter to longer than head, triangular or wedge-shaped 

 in vertical profile, its lateral outlines nearly straight, its width at 

 frontal antioe much less than length of gonys (sometimes equal to 

 only half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla) and from about one 

 and a half times to twice its depth at same point ; exposed culmen equal 

 to or longer than middle toe with claw, more or less distinctly ridged, 

 straight to near tip where rather abruptly decurved, the tip of max- 

 illa distinctly uncinate; gonys much longer than mandibular rami 

 (sometimes nearly twice as long), straight or faintly convex; max- 

 illary tomium nearly straight, distinctly notched subterminally. 

 Nostril mostly exposed, roundish or broadly oval (longitudinally), 

 without surrounding membrane, midway between culmen and edge 

 of maxilla, opening laterally rather than vertically. Rictal bristles 

 strongly developed, the feathers of chin, malar antiae, and frontal 

 anlise also with well-developed bristly points. Wing moderate, 

 rather pointed, the longest primaries exceeding distal secondaries 

 by more than length of middle toe without claw, sometimes by 

 more than length of tarsus; seventh, eighth, seventh and eighth, or 

 sixth and seventh primaries longest, ninth longer than fifth, sometimes 

 equal to .seventh, the tenth (outermost) at least equal to second, 

 sometimes longer than fourth. Tail a little more than six-sevenths 

 to very nearly as long as wing, even, slightly rounded or double- 

 rounded, or faintly emarginate, the rectrices widening more or less, 

 terminally, with broadly rounded tip. Tarsus longer (sometimes 

 much longer) than middle toe with claw, less than one-fifth to more 

 than one-fourth as long as wing, its scutellation typically exaspidean 

 but with a separate series of longitudinal scutella (more or less dis- 

 tinct) along upper posterior portion of outer side of tarsus, the acro- 

 tarsial divisions very distinct; middle toe, without claw, not more 

 (usually much less) than half as long as tarsus, its basal phalanx 

 united to outer toe for much the greater part of its length, to inner 

 toe for about half its length; outer toe, without claw, reaching to 

 about middle of subterminal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe 

 slightly shorter; hallux slightly shorter than inner toe, not conspic- 

 uously stouter, its claw about as long as the digit; all the claws rather 

 long, strongly curved, sharp, moderately compressed. 



Coloration. — Above plain grayish brown or olive, usually darker 

 or browner (sometimes nearly black) on pileum, the wings darker, 

 with light edgings (these sometimes ruf escent on primaries) , the mid- 

 dle and greater wing-coverts more or less distinctly tipped with paler 

 olive, pale grayish brown, or pale brownish gray, the rectrices often 

 edged with rufous, sometimes with greater part or even whole of inner 

 web rufous; under parts gray (usually pale) anteriorly, light yellow 

 or yellowish white posteriorly. 



